science

Plan 111

Plan 111 is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Plan 111 rather than just read about it. In short: The Higher Education Institution Academic Discipline Innovation and Talent Introduction Plan (高等学校学科创新引智计划), best known as Plan 111 and Project 111 (Chinese: 111计划), is a higher education development project initiated in 2006 by the Ministry of Education and the State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs to establish innovation centers for the purposes of technology transfer. In 2005, the Ministry of Education…

Key takeaways

Plan 111 belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Plan 111 to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Plan 111 from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

The Higher Education Institution Academic Discipline Innovation and Talent Introduction Plan (高等学校学科创新引智计划), best known as Plan 111 and Project 111 (Chinese: 111计划), is a higher education development project initiated in 2006 by the Ministry of Education and the State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs to establish innovation centers for the purposes of technology transfer. In 2005, the Ministry of Education announced the creation of 100 innovation centers as part of the plan. The plan aimed to bring in about 1,000 overseas experts from the top 100 universities and research institutes worldwide. With the conclusion of "Project 985" and "Project 211" and the cessation of new university inclusion plans, "Project 111" gradually faded from public view between 2015 and 2017. Although it still exists as a special project, and has even expanded somewhat, the core of China's higher education development policy has effectively shifted to the "Double First-Class" initiative. Compared to the still influential "Project 985" and "Project 211," "Project 111" has received significantly less public attention. This is partly due to the project's own overexpansion, similar to the current societal evaluation of the "Double First-Class" initiative, which has diminished its uniqueness. Furthermore, the rise of Chinese universities' global influence in the late 2020s, and the significant progress made through other means in research capabilities and international cooperation indicators, have rendered the project's initial goals seem outdated.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Plan 111

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Plan 111 claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Plan 111 before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Plan 111 ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Plan 111

In research: Plan 111 appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Plan 111 in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Plan 111 is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 2006 establishments in China, Higher education in China, Plan 111, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Plan 111 outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

Affiliate

Preply — study more efficiently by working with a personal tutor. 50% off.

How to study Plan 111 in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Plan 111 means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Plan 111 out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Plan 111 in simple terms?

Why does Plan 111 matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Plan 111?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Plan 111.