engineering

Plasmanylethanolamine desaturase

Plasmanylethanolamine desaturase is a engineering topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Plasmanylethanolamine desaturase rather than just read about it. In short: In enzymology, a plasmanylethanolamine desaturase (EC 1.14.19.77) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction O-1-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + AH2 + O2 ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } O-1-alk-1-enyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + A + 2 H2O The 3 substrates of this enzyme are O-1-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, an electron acceptor AH2, and O2, whereas its 3 pr…

Key takeaways

Plasmanylethanolamine desaturase belongs to engineering; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Plasmanylethanolamine desaturase to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Plasmanylethanolamine desaturase from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

In enzymology, a plasmanylethanolamine desaturase (EC 1.14.19.77) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

O-1-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + AH2 + O2 ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } O-1-alk-1-enyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + A + 2 H2O The 3 substrates of this enzyme are O-1-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, an electron acceptor AH2, and O2, whereas its 3 products are O-1-alk-1-enyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, the reduction product A, and H2O. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derive from O miscellaneous. The systematic name of this enzyme class is O-1-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine,hydrogen-donor:oxy gen oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include alkylacylglycerophosphoethanolamine desaturase, alkylacylglycero-phosphorylethanolamine dehydrogenase, dehydrogenase, alkyl-acylglycerophosphorylethanolamine, 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylethanolamine desaturase, and 1-O-alkyl 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylethanolamine desaturase. This enzyme participates in ether lipid metabolism. It requires NADPH. Plasmanylethanolamine desaturase used to be described as an orphan enzyme, that is one whose activity is known but whose identity (gene, protein sequence) is unknown. It has now been identified and corresponds to protein CarF in bacteria and TMEM189 in humans (and animals). It contains the pfam10520 lipid desaturase domain which has 8 conserved histidines and which is also found in FAD4 plant desaturases. Mice lacking plasmanylethanolamine desaturase lack plasmalogens in their tissues and have reduced body weight.

References Werner, Ernst R.; Keller, Markus A.; Sailer, Sabrina; Lackner, Katharina; Koch, Jakob; Hermann, Martin; Coassin, Stefan; Golderer, Georg; Werner-Felmayer, Gabriele; Zoeller, Raphael A.; Hulo, Nicolas (April 2020). "The TMEM189 gene encodes plasmanylethanolamine desaturase which introduces the characteristic vinyl ether double bond into plasmalogens". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 117 (14): 7792–7798. Bibcode:2020PNAS..117.7792W. doi:10.1073/pnas.1917461117. ISSN 1091-6490. PMC 7149458. PMID 32209662. Gallego-García A, Monera-Girona AJ, Pajares-Martínez E, Bastida-Martínez E, Pérez-Castaño R, Iniesta AA, Fontes M, Padmanabhan S, Elías-Arnanz M (October 2019). "A bacterial light response reveals an orphan desaturase for human plasmalogen synthesis". Science. 366 (6461): 128–132. Bibcode:2019Sci...366..128G. doi:10.1126/science.aay1436. PMID 31604315. Werner, Ernst R.; Keller, Markus A.; Sailer, Sabrina; Seppi, Daniele; Golderer, Georg; Werner-Felmayer, Gabriele; Zoeller, Raphael A.; Watschinger, Katrin (May 2018). "A novel assay for the introduction of the vinyl ether double bond into plasmalogens using pyrene-labeled substrates". Journal of Lipid Research. 59 (5): 901–909. doi:10.1194/jlr.D080283. ISSN 1539-7262. PMC 5928432. PMID 29540573. Paltauf F, Holasek A (March 1973). "Enzymatic synthesis of plasmalogens. Characterization of the 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-8n-glycero-3-phosphorylethanolamine desaturase from mucosa of hamster small intestine". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 248 (5): 1609–15. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)44234-8. PMID 4144394. Wykle RL, Blank ML, Malone B, Snyder F (September 1972). "Evidence for a mixed function oxidase in the biosynthesis of ethanolamine plasmalogens from 1-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylethanolamine". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 247 (17): 5442–7. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(20)81125-9. PMID 4403444.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Plasmanylethanolamine desaturase

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Plasmanylethanolamine desaturase claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In engineering, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Plasmanylethanolamine desaturase before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Plasmanylethanolamine desaturase ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Plasmanylethanolamine desaturase

In research: Plasmanylethanolamine desaturase appears in engineering research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Plasmanylethanolamine desaturase in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Plasmanylethanolamine desaturase is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics EC 1.14.19, EC 1.14 stubs, Enzymes of unknown structure, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Plasmanylethanolamine desaturase outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Plasmanylethanolamine desaturase in 20 minutes

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Frequently asked questions

What is Plasmanylethanolamine desaturase in simple terms?

In enzymology, a plasmanylethanolamine desaturase (EC 1.14.19.77) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction O-1-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + AH2 + O2 ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } O-1-alk-1-enyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + A + 2 H2O The 3 substrates…

Why does Plasmanylethanolamine desaturase matter?

Because it connects several engineering ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Plasmanylethanolamine desaturase?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Plasmanylethanolamine desaturase.