The Pomeranian Arts House is a building of cultural and historical significance located at 20 Gdańska Street in Bydgoszcz, Poland. It has housed chronologically:
the seat of German cultural associations (1887-1939); the seat of Pomeranian unions and the Bydgoszcz Operetta & Opera Music Theatre (1945-2006); until 1982 the seat of the National School of Fine Arts. Since 2006, it is owned by the Academy of Music in Bydgoszcz.
Location The building stands on the eastern side of Gdańska Street near Freedom Square and St Peter's and St Paul's Church.
History
Prussian period The building has been erected in 1885 to offer a facility for German associations in Bromberg after Prussian partition. They included the "Recreation Society" (German: Erholungs-Verein) and the company "Civil Casino" (German: Civilkasino). At the same time the edifice housed the newly created Casino Society "Rest" in Bydgoszcz (German: Kasino - Gesellschaft "Erholung"), aimed at bringing together the German social elite in Bromberg, particularly senior officials, officers and urban bourgeoisie. In 1886, a subsidy from the central budget contributed to the start of the construction of the Society House. For this purpose a separate plot of Regency Park was bought, located at 20 Gdańska Street, in the immediate vicinity of St Peter's and St Paul's Church. The construction lasted two years (1886-1887) and eventually cost 1400,000 Marks, while it was initially estimated at 97,000 Marks. The building was designed by architect Gustav Reichert, in the style of German Historicism, referring to classicism forms. In 1908, the southern part of the two-storey building was extended on the basement dependence and its own entrance. The builder was Emil Haydemann, master bricklayer: on the ground-floor the extension comprised a brick wing with its own entrance, covered with a lean-to roof. The activities in the Society House were run until June 1939, focused on the organization of social and cultural life (art and science) of German elite. The building, in 1902, was also used by the German Society of Arts and Sciences in Bydgoszcz, trade merchants, singing bands. In December 1904, the Jubilee celebration of the Bromberg Horse Grenadier Regiment was held in the Society House, attended personally by Emperor Wilhelm II.
Interwar period Early after the re-birth of Poland, in 1920, the building housed the "Kresowy Boarding House", a care facility for boys from the eastern territories of the former Republic of Poland (or Kresy), together with another facility at 11 Sienkiewicza. It moved in March 1921, to a former German orphanage today at 32 Chodkiewicza street. During interwar, the building was still property of "Deutsche Kasinogesellschaft" and was a cultural and entertainment center. A stylish garden area was located on the north of the place, for café and concerts. The facility was used till 1934 by residents from all socio-cultural societies, regardless of their nationality. In the 1920s, the director Meinhard opened at 19 Gdanska a small movie theatre called Apollo Central Theater - Polish: Teatr Centralny Apollo. As a result, Polish branch of the Society for the Encouragement of Fine Arts Polish: Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Sztuki w Bydgoszczy installed its seat in the building on 1 September 1921, and started presenting exhibitions of contemporary graphics and sculpture. It also held concerts by Bydgoszcz Music Society, Bydgoszcz Conservatory of Music (Polish: Bydgoskie Konserwatorium Muzyczne) and Municipal Conservatory of Music (Polish: Zespół Szkół Muzycznych w Bydgoszczy). Choirs from both Polish school children and German speaking schools happened there. Among many concerts in the edifice hall, one was played by pianist Feliks Szymanowski, then Bydgoszcz resident, brother of composer Karol Szymanowski. The building (then Civil Casino) housed the first official concert inaugurating the Bydgoszcz Music Society created at the initiative of Ludwik Regamey on 5 December 1922. City orchestra, chamber ensembles and soloists from Poznań, Gdańsk or Berlin similarly performed in the garden. After accession to power of Hitler in Germany, the attitude of German authorities in Bromberg hardened, and forbade activities of Polish organizations in the building, which exclusively served German and Nazi organizations. Anti-Polish activity by the German minority was re-aroused by the decision of the Polish municipal authorities on 15 June 1939 to close the Society House and rename it to "Social House" (Polish: Dom Społeczny): the announcement was met with violent protests in Bydgoszcz by German and Nazi partisans.
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