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Portable Draughts Notation

Portable Draughts Notation is a computer science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Portable Draughts Notation rather than just read about it. In short: Portable Draughts Notation (.PDN) is the standard computer-processable format for recording draughts games. This format is derived from Portable Game Notation, which is the standard chess format.

Key takeaways

  • Portable Draughts Notation belongs to computer science; place it in that map before memorising details.
  • Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
  • Connect Portable Draughts Notation to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
  • Reproduce the core statement of Portable Draughts Notation from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Portable Draughts Notation (.PDN) is the standard computer-processable format for recording draughts games. This format is derived from Portable Game Notation, which is the standard chess format. PDN files are text files which must contain Tag Pairs and Movetext for each game.

Tag Pairs Tag pairs begin with "[", the name of the tag, the tag value enclosed in double-quotes, and a closing "]". There must be a newline after each tag. Tag names are case-sensitive. PDN data for archival storage is required to provide 7 tags.

Event the name of the tournament or match event Site the location of the event. This is in "City, Region COUNTRY" format, where COUNTRY is the 3-letter International Olympic Committee code for the country. An example is "New York City, NY USA". Date the starting date of the game, in YYYY.MM.DD form. "??" are used for unknown values Round the playing round ordinal of the game White the player of the White pieces, in "last name, first name" format Black the player of the Black pieces, same format as White Result the result of the game. This can only have four possible values: "1-0" (White won), "0-1" (Black won), "1/2-1/2" (Draw), or "*" (other, e.g., the game is ongoing) FEN the initial position of the checkers board. This is used to record partial games (starting at some initial position). It is also necessary for some draughts variants where the initial position is not always the same as traditional checkers. If a FEN tag is used, a separate tag pair "SetUp" is required and have its value set to "1". A position can be stored by the FEN tag:

[SetUp "1"] [FEN "[Turn]:[Color 1][K][Square number][,]...]:[Color 2][K][Square number][,]...]"]

Turn the side to move, B for Black, W for White Color 1 and Color 2 the color for the Square numbers that follow B for Black, W, and the sequence is unimportant. K optional before square number, indicates the piece on that square is a king, otherwise it is a man. Square number indicates the square number occupied by a piece. The square number must be at least a "1". On an 8×8 board, it has a range from 1-32. These are comma separated, and the sequence is unimportant. Examples:

[FEN "B:W18,24,27,28,K10,K15:B12,16,20,K22,K25,K29"]

[FEN "B:W18,19,21,23,24,26,29,30,31,32:B1,2,3,4,6,7,9,10,11,12"]

Movetext Movetext contains the actual moves for the game. Moves begin with the source square number, then a "-" or "x", finally destination square number. Jumps must be specified by each square that would be jumped ("11x18x25"), or two squares only ("11x25"). The end of the game must contain the 4 standard result codes: "1-0", "1/2-1/2" "0-1", and "*". The codes must be the same as the Result tag pair. An annotator who wishes to suggest alternative moves to those actually played in the game may insert variations enclosed in parentheses. Comments may be added by either a ";" (a comment that continues to the end of the line) or a "{" (which continues until a matching "}"). Comments do not nest.

Variants PDN can be used in a wide variety of draughts variants synthesized with different board sizes. For example, PDN can represent 8 × 8 and 10 × 10 boards. It can represent unmatched board sizes by specifying unequivalent values in the Board-width and the Board-height headers. It can include the optional GameType tag to differentiate between different variants.

[GameType "Type-number [,Start color (W/B),Board width, Board height, Notation [,Invert-flag]]"] Type-number this is one of the following type-numbers: 0: Chess 1: Chinese chess 2-19: future chess expansion 20: 10 × 10 draughts (international) 21: English draughts (kings only move 1 step at a time) 22: Italian draughts (as English, Men cannot take kings, must capture max) 23: American pool draughts (as 10 × 10, not obliged to take max) 24: Spanish pool draughts (as 10 × 10 rules, but men cannot capture backwards) 25: Russian draughts 26: Brazilian 8 × 8 draughts (same as 10 × 10 rules) 27: Canadian 12 × 12 draughts (same as 10 × 10 rules) 28: Portuguese draughts 29: Czech draughts 30: Turkish draughts 31: Thai draughts 40: Frisian draughts 41: Spantsiretti (Russian draughts 10 × 8) 32-39, 42-49: Future draughts expansion 50: Othello 98: Antidraughts Start-color B for Black, W for White Board-width board width Board-height board height Notation

A - alpha/numeric like chess N - numeric like draughts S - SAN - short-form chess notation. Then follows a number 0-4 telling where square A1 or 1 is for the side who starts the game (White or Black), 0 = Bottom left, 1=Bottom right, 2=Top left, 3=Top right. Invert-flag

0 - pieces on dark squares 1 - pieces on light squares

Example

See also Portable Game Notation – Format for recording chess games

External links Original PDN specification Original page for Sage Draughts, the first program to implement PDN, by the author of the first PDN specification (A.Millett) PDN 2.0 specification Online PDN Checker The official PDN 3.0 specification

PDN viewers Checkers Land Damaq Dragon Draughts Entry Dambo Nemesis Checkers

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Portable Draughts Notation

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Portable Draughts Notation claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In computer science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Portable Draughts Notation before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Portable Draughts Notation ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Portable Draughts Notation

In research
Portable Draughts Notation appears in computer science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry
Engineering practice reuses Portable Draughts Notation in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom
Portable Draughts Notation is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Computer file formats, Draughts, Notation, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life
Look for Portable Draughts Notation outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.
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How to study Portable Draughts Notation in 20 minutes

  1. Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
  2. Close the page and write down what Portable Draughts Notation means in your own words.
  3. Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
  4. Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
  5. Explain Portable Draughts Notation out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Portable Draughts Notation in simple terms?

Portable Draughts Notation (.PDN) is the standard computer-processable format for recording draughts games. This format is derived from Portable Game Notation, which is the standard chess format.

Why does Portable Draughts Notation matter?

Because it connects several computer science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Portable Draughts Notation?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Portable Draughts Notation.

Tags

  • Computer file formats
  • Draughts
  • Notation

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