Postgenderism is a social, political, and cultural movement that arose from the eroding of the cultural, psychological, and social role of gender, and an argument for why the erosion of binary gender will be liberatory. Postgenderists argue that gender is an arbitrary and unnecessary limitation on human potential, and foresee the elimination of involuntary psychological gendering in the human species which exists as a result of social and cultural designations. Sexual limitations as well may be eliminated through the application of neurotechnology, biotechnology, and assistive reproductive technologies. Advocates of postgenderism argue that the presence of gender roles, social stratification, and gender differences is generally to the detriment of individuals and society.
Cultural roots Postgenderism as a cultural phenomenon has roots in feminism, masculism, along with the androgyny, metrosexual/technosexual and transgender movements. However, it has been through the application of transhumanist philosophy that postgenderists have conceived the potential for morphological changes in members of the human species and for how future humans in a postgender society will reproduce. In this sense, it is an offshoot of transhumanism, posthumanism, and futurism. In the 19th century, Russian philosopher Nikolay Chernyshevsky believed that "people will be happy when there will be neither women nor men". Urania, a feminist journal privately published between 1916 and 1940, advanced the abolishment of gender; each issue was headed with the statement: "There are no 'men' or 'women' in Urania."
One of the earliest expressions of postgenderism was Shulamith Firestone's 1970 book The Dialectic of Sex. It argues, [The] end goal of feminist revolution must be, unlike that of the first feminist movement, not just the elimination of male privilege but of the sex distinction itself: genital differences between human beings would no longer matter culturally. (A reversion to an unobstructed pansexuality, Freud's 'polymorphous perversity'—would probably supersede hetero/homo/bi-sexuality.) The reproduction of the species by one sex for the benefit of both would be replaced by (at least the option of) artificial reproduction: children would be born to both sexes equally, or independently of either, however one chooses to look at it; the dependence of the child on the mother (and vice versa) would give way to a greatly shortened dependence on a small group of others in general, and any remaining inferiority to adults in physical strength would be compensated for culturally. Gayle Rubin expresses in "The Traffic in Women" (1975) her desire for "an androgynous and genderless (though not sexless) society, in which one's sexual anatomy is irrelevant to who one is, what one does, and with whom one makes love." Another important and influential work in this regard was socialist feminist Donna Haraway's essay, "A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology, and Socialist-Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century", in Simians, Cyborgs and Women: The Reinvention of Nature (New York; Routledge, 1991), pp. 149–181. In this work, Haraway is interpreted as arguing that women would only be freed from their biological restraints when their reproductive obligations were dispensed with. This may be viewed as Haraway expressing a belief that women will only achieve true liberation once they become postbiological organisms, or postgendered. However, Haraway has publicly stated that their use of the word "post-gender" has been grossly misinterpreted. The term "postgenderism" is also used by George Dvorsky to describe the diverse social, political, and cultural movement that affirms the voluntary elimination of gender in the human species by applying advanced biotechnology and assisted reproductive technologies.
Ideas
Postgenderism in gender roles and sexuality According to George Dvorsky's article "Postgenderism: Beyond the Gender Binary", postgenderists are not exclusively advocates of androgyny, although most believe that a "mixing" of both feminine and masculine traits is desirable—essentially the creation of androgynous individuals who exhibit the best of what females and males have to offer in terms of physical and psychological abilities and proclivities. Just what these traits are precisely is a matter of great debate and conjecture. Here, postgenderism is not concerned solely with the physical sex or its assumed traits, but with the idea of eliminating or moving beyond gendered identities. In traditional gender constructs, one is either a man or a woman, but in postgenderism, one is neither a man nor a woman nor any other assumed gender role—thus, an individual in society is simply an agent of humanity to be defined (if at all) by one's actions. Dvorsky also states that postgenderists maintain that a genderless society does not imply the existence of a species uninterested in sex and sexuality, but rather that sexual relations and interpersonal intimacy can and will exist in a postgendered future in different forms. Regarding potential assistive reproductive technologies, it is believed that reproduction can continue to happen outside of conventional methods, namely intercourse and artificial insemination. Advances such as human cloning, parthenogenesis, and artificial wombs may significantly extend the potential for human reproduction. These ideas also propose that posthuman space will be more virtual than real. Individuals may be uploaded minds living as data patterns on supercomputers or users engaged in immersive virtual realities. Postgenderists contend that these types of existences are not gender-specific, thus allowing individuals to morph their virtual appearances and sexuality at will.
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