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astronomy

Postsingular

Postsingular is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Postsingular rather than just read about it. In short: Postsingular is a 2007 science-fiction novel written by the American writer Rudy Rucker. It focuses upon a cast of San Franciscans and their relationship with emerging uses of nanotechnology.

Postsingular — main illustration
Postsingular — illustration

Key takeaways

  • Postsingular belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
  • Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
  • Connect Postsingular to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
  • Reproduce the core statement of Postsingular from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Postsingular is a 2007 science-fiction novel written by the American writer Rudy Rucker. It focuses upon a cast of San Franciscans and their relationship with emerging uses of nanotechnology. It was the first of Rucker's works to be licensed under a Creative Commons license and released to the public on the Internet. A sequel, Hylozoic, was released in 2009, but was not released under a free license.

Summary

The novel is divided into four parts. Most of the events in the story take place in a future version of San Francisco.

Part 1 The first part begins on a New Year's Day, in which a young, 17-year-old Jeff Luty and his friend Carlos Tucay are about to light bottle rockets on Stinson Beach. The two boys, who are interested in the young but growing nanotechnology industry, dream about establishing Lu-Tuc Space Tech, and have inserted nanorobots into the rockets. After a passing dog had urinated on the rocket, the rockets are lit again. However, the rocket eventually misfires, and a launch lug is sent flying into Carlos' right eye, killing him. The first part fast forwards several years later, in which Jeff is the CEO of Nantel, the leading nanotechnology company in the world. One of the leading employees of the company is engineer Ond Lutter, who works on a project to create "nants". However, when Jeff, who is still distraught over Carlos' death, comes to blows with Ond over the creation of a virtual earth with the nants. The US government buys the nants, and the president, Dick Dibbs, announces that the Earth will be eaten by the nants and converted into a virtual version of the Earth, or "vEarth". Ond and his family, however, do not agree. Ond, who is fired after arguing with Luty and defying him, sets about to write code on paper by hand which should disable the nants and builds an antenna to resist the advance of the nants until the house is the last of the holdouts to persist on physical Earth. Ond's 9-year-old son Chu, however, is an autistic savant and is able to retain Ond's written code to memory and jumps into the wall of nants that has grown in the Lutter house. Chu subsequently jumps back out of the nant wall and the nants begin to retreat. By the next day, the nants have mostly reversed all their advances across Earth and restores it in its entirety until they return to the Moon and are seemingly shot out of existence by a Chinese satellite. After the reversal and destruction of the nants, Dibbs is arrested by the government and executed for his role in the "vEarth" conspiracy (classified as "treason"). Luty is now a wanted fugitive and goes into hiding; Ond, who is rehired by Nantel, now renamed as ExaExa Labs, however, is inspired by nanorobotics to create a new type of nanorobot, which becomes known as the "orphids". When he tells a gathering of his and fellow co-worker Craigor Lundquist's families in San Francisco Bay, however, Nektar becomes angry against Ond and argues against Ond over the nants, for fear of a repeat of the events. Chu, irritated by the shouting, seizes the jar and smashes the glass open, releasing the orphids to rapidly self-replicate. Within hours, the orphids, which are heavily connected to the Internet, spread to most of the West Coast, and Ond is wanted by the San Francisco Police Department. The orphids also provide displays for augmented reality, ridding society of the need for AR contact lenses (or "webeyes"), throat microphones and other AR utilities. The city has a hard time adapting to the orphids and the sensorally immersive version of the Internet, or "orphidnet", presented by the orphids. The advanced properties of the orphidnet allow for opportunities not possible with prior computing technologies, such as advanced teleconferencing, telepathy and even remote sex between physically separated partners. However, this leaves little room for privacy, as the orphids barely allow for any living thing to be non-connected to the orphidnet, meaning that Ond is the subject of a mob which seeks to lynch him for "Orphid Night". Nektar, irritated by Ond's release of the nants, separates from Ond and becomes intimate with a cook at a nearby restaurant who she met through the orphidnet, leaving Ond to take care of Chu; furthermore, Ond and Chu discover the existence of a higher-intelligence dimension which somewhat mirrors earth. One of the rulers of the so-called "Hibrane" version of San Francisco, Gladax, tries to remove the means of "Lobrane" access to the Hibrane in order to keep Lobraners out, going so far as to penetrate Chu's mind. The pursuit of Ond and Chu by both Gladax and the anti-nant/orphid mob ultimately send the two teleporting from the Merz Boat to the Hibrane version of San Francisco, where everything is slower and larger.

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Postsingular

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Postsingular claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Postsingular before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Postsingular ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Postsingular

In research
Postsingular appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry
Engineering practice reuses Postsingular in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom
Postsingular is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 2007 American novels, 2007 English-language novels, 2007 science fiction novels, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life
Look for Postsingular outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Postsingular in 20 minutes

  1. Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
  2. Close the page and write down what Postsingular means in your own words.
  3. Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
  4. Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
  5. Explain Postsingular out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Postsingular in simple terms?

Postsingular is a 2007 science-fiction novel written by the American writer Rudy Rucker. It focuses upon a cast of San Franciscans and their relationship with emerging uses of nanotechnology.

Why does Postsingular matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Postsingular?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Postsingular.

Tags

  • 2007 American novels
  • 2007 English-language novels
  • 2007 science fiction novels
  • Creative Commons-licensed novels
  • Fiction about augmented reality
  • Fiction about nanotechnology
  • Fiction about self-replicating machines
  • Fiction about teleportation
  • Novels about parallel universes
  • Novels about the Internet
  • Novels by Rudy Rucker
  • Novels set in San Francisco

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