science

Praia Grande crater

Praia Grande crater is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Praia Grande crater rather than just read about it. In short: Praia Grande crater is a 20 kilometres (12 mi) diameter circular feature in the Santos Basin offshore Brazil. It is a possible impact crater that has been identified on 3D seismic by Petrobras in 2004.

Key takeaways

Praia Grande crater belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Praia Grande crater to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Praia Grande crater from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Praia Grande crater is a 20 kilometres (12 mi) diameter circular feature in the Santos Basin offshore Brazil. It is a possible impact crater that has been identified on 3D seismic by Petrobras in 2004. Further investigation is needed to obtain more information on the structure. The Russian Academy of Sciences lists the structure as a probable impact crater.

Description The Praia Grande crater is located in the Santos Basin, approximately 200 kilometres (120 mi) southeast from the coastline of São Paulo State, Brazil. The identification of this structure is based on the interpretation of three-dimensional seismic data, acquired and processed in 2004 for petroleum exploration in a Petrobras concession block in the Santos Basin. The principal morphological elements, imposed on Upper Cretaceous rocks, are a structural high in the center of the crater, an adjacent ring syncline, and, externally, several concentric circular listric normal faults. The structure is apparently well preserved from erosion, measures around 20 kilometres (12 mi) in diameter, and is buried by 4 kilometres (13,000 ft) of rocks deposited after the impact time, which occurred in the Santonian (85.8 to 83.5 Ma). The central uplift is well defined, with a diameter of 4.5 kilometres (2.8 mi), which is surrounded by concentric annular troughs. Further investigation is needed to acquire data on shock metamorphism and shatter cones.

See also

List of possible impact structures on Earth List of impact craters in South America Santa Marta crater

References

Bibliography Correia, Gustavo Alberto; Corrêa de Menezes, Jorge Rui; Vital Bueno, Gilmar; Jung Marques, Edmundo Julio (2005), "3D Seismic Interpretation of the Praia Grande Impact Structure – Upper Cretaceous of Santos Basin, Offshore Brazil", 9th International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society & EXPOGEF, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, 11-14 September 2005, 9th International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society & EXPOGEF, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, 11–14 September 2005, pp. 439–442, doi:10.1190/sbgf2005-091, retrieved 2017-10-10 Crósta, A.P.; Vasconcelos, M.A.R. (2013), "Update on the current knowledge of the Brazilian impact craters" (PDF), 44th Annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (1719), 44th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference: 1–2, Bibcode:2013LPI....44.1318C, retrieved 2017-10-10 Exoss, Citizen Science (2017a), Série: Astroblemas no Brasil – crateras de impacto brasileiras – MG e SP, Exoss Citizen Science, p. 1, retrieved 2017-10-10 Exoss, Citizen Science (2017b), Impact Crater Brazil - Crateras de impacto em MG e SP - Praia Grande, Exoss Citizen Science, pp. 00:50, retrieved 2017-10-10 Mikheeva, Anna (2017), The Complete Catalog of the Earth's Impact structures, Russian Academy of Sciences, p. 1, retrieved 2017-10-10

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Praia Grande crater

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Praia Grande crater claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Praia Grande crater before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Praia Grande crater ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Praia Grande crater

In research: Praia Grande crater appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Praia Grande crater in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Praia Grande crater is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Cretaceous Brazil, Cretaceous impact craters, Impact craters of Brazil, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Praia Grande crater outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Praia Grande crater in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Praia Grande crater means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Praia Grande crater out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Praia Grande crater in simple terms?

Why does Praia Grande crater matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Praia Grande crater?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Praia Grande crater.