biology

Precision Neuroscience

Precision Neuroscience is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Precision Neuroscience rather than just read about it. In short: Precision Neuroscience is an American brain–computer interface (BCI) company based in New York City and with offices in Santa Clara, California and Addison, Texas. The company is building a minimally invasive brain–computer interface.

Key takeaways

Precision Neuroscience belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Precision Neuroscience to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Precision Neuroscience from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Precision Neuroscience is an American brain–computer interface (BCI) company based in New York City and with offices in Santa Clara, California and Addison, Texas. The company is building a minimally invasive brain–computer interface. The interface includes a thin-film microelectrode array that conforms to the brain surface without penetrating the brain tissue. It collects hundreds of times higher resolution neural data than traditional cortical surface arrays. The procedure to implant the device does not require a craniotomy, and the implantation is designed to be reversible. Precision Neuroscience aims to treat neurological conditions such as spinal cord injury, stroke, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative conditions such as ALS.

History Precision Neuroscience was founded by Benjamin Rapoport, Michael Mager, Demetrios Papageorgiou, and Mark Hettick in 2021. Rapoport is a neurosurgeon in the Mount Sinai Health System in New York City, where he specializes in minimally invasive surgery. Rapoport received a PhD in electrical engineering and computer science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a medical degree from Harvard Medical School. Rapoport was previously on the eight-member founding team at Elon Musk’s brain–computer interface company, Neuralink. Rapoport left Neuralink in 2018. Rapoport, along with Michael Mager, an investor, and a team of experts in areas such as neuroscience, microfabrication and software launched Precision Neuroscience in 2021. Rapoport is the founding Chief Science Officer at Precision Neuroscience. Mager is the founding Chief Executive Officer. In May 2021, Precision Neuroscience raised a $12 million Series A funding round led by Steadview Capital. In January 2023, the company raised a $41 million Series B funding round led by Forepont Capital Partners. Other early investors in Precision Neuroscience included B Capital, Mubadala Capital, Draper Associates, Alumni Ventures, and re.Mind Capital. In June 2023, Precision Neuroscience completed its first-in-human clinical procedures, in collaboration with the Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute at West Virginia University, recording high-resolution neural activity from patients undergoing neurosurgery. In October 2023, Precision Neuroscience acquired a microelectromechanical systems MEMS manufacturing facility near Dallas, Texas, where the electrodes arrays are being manufactured. In May 2024, Precision Neuroscience and the Mount Sinai Health System announced a world record for the most electrodes simultaneously recording cortical activity from a human brain, deploying 4,096 electrodes across four Layer 7 arrays during a single procedure. In December 2024, Precision raised a $102 million Series C led by General Equity Holdings, with participation from B Capital, Duquesne Family Office, the investment firm of Stanley Druckenmiller, and Steadview Capital, at a post-money valuation of approximately $500 million. As of January 2026, total funding stood at $180 million. In April 2025, the U.S. FDA granted 510(k) clearance for Precision’s Layer 7 Cortical Interface, authorizing commercial use for recording, monitoring, and stimulating on the brain’s surface for implantation durations of up to 30 days. Following FDA clearance, Precision Neuroscience began extended-duration implantation studies at six medical centers, allowing patients recovering from neurosurgery to use the device for up to 30 days in brain-computer interface tasks. In November 2025, Precision received an investment from SCI Ventures, a venture fund focused on spinal cord injury and paralysis, backed by the Christopher & Dana Reeve Foundation, Wings for Life, and Spinal Research. In January 2026, Precision Neuroscience and Medtronic formed a strategic partnership to co-develop an integrated system combining the Layer 7 cortical interface with Medtronic’s StealthStation surgical navigation platform.

Technology Precision Neuroscience is building a minimally invasive brain–computer interface. Its system, called the Layer 7 Cortical Interface, makes contact with the brain surface using a thin-film microelectrode array that conforms to the surface of the brain without damaging brain tissue. The array is one-fifth the thickness of a human hair and contains 1,024 microelectrodes, yielding a spatial resolution hundreds of times higher than traditional electrode arrays. Together with customized supporting electronics and software, the device provides a high-resolution view of cortical activity in real-time. The array is modular, and multiple arrays can be linked to cover multiple cortical regions simultaneously. Precision Neuroscience developed a novel minimally invasive surgical procedure to implant the electrode arrays. To implant the device, a surgeon makes a thin slit in the skull, less than a millimeter in width. The system captures approximately one to two billion data points per patient per minute and uses AI algorithms to translate neural signals into computer commands in real time.The company is developing a fully implantable, wireless version of the system intended for long-term use in patients with paralysis.

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Precision Neuroscience

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Precision Neuroscience claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Precision Neuroscience before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Precision Neuroscience ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Precision Neuroscience

In research: Precision Neuroscience appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Precision Neuroscience in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Precision Neuroscience is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Brain–computer interface, Companies based in New York City, Health care companies established in 2021, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Precision Neuroscience outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Precision Neuroscience in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Precision Neuroscience means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Precision Neuroscience out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Precision Neuroscience in simple terms?

Why does Precision Neuroscience matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Precision Neuroscience?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Precision Neuroscience.