science

Progress M-09M

Progress M-09M is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Progress M-09M rather than just read about it. In short: Progress M-09M (Russian: Прогресс М-09М), identified by NASA as Progress 41P, is a Progress spacecraft which was launched in 2011 to resupply the International Space Station. It was the ninth Progress-M 11F615A60 spacecraft to be launched, and has the serial number 409.

Key takeaways

Progress M-09M belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Progress M-09M to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Progress M-09M from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Progress M-09M (Russian: Прогресс М-09М), identified by NASA as Progress 41P, is a Progress spacecraft which was launched in 2011 to resupply the International Space Station. It was the ninth Progress-M 11F615A60 spacecraft to be launched, and has the serial number 409. The spacecraft was manufactured by RKK Energia, and is operated by the Russian Federal Space Agency. It arrived at the space station during Expedition 26, and undocked during Expedition 27.

Launch and docking Progress M-09M was launched from Pad 1/5 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome, on 28 January 2011 at 01:31:39 UTC. The launch used a Soyuz-U carrier rocket, which placed the Progress spacecraft into a low Earth orbit with a perigee of 193.5 kilometres (120.2 mi) and an apogee of 254.6 kilometres (158.2 mi), inclined at 51.65°. The Progress spacecraft subsequently raised its orbit, and manoeuvred to rendezvous with the space station. It arrived at the ISS on 30 January 2011, successfully docking to the nadir port of the Pirs at 02:39 UTC.

Cargo Progress M-09M is carrying 2,666 kilograms (5,878 lb) of cargo to the space station, consisting of 1,444 kilograms (3,183 lb) of dry cargo, 752 kilograms (1,658 lb) of propellant, 50 kilograms (110 lb) of oxygen and 420 kilograms (930 lb) of water. Of the fuel aboard the spacecraft, 250 kilograms (550 lb) are reserved for orbital manoeuvres whilst docked, such as raising or lowering the station's orbit, whilst the remaining 502 kilograms (1,107 lb) will be used for refuelling the station itself. The dry cargo aboard Progress M-09M includes parts for the oxygen and water supply systems and the thermal control system, as well as equipment for hardware control and the station's electrical and telemetry systems. Also aboard the spacecraft is 147 kilograms (324 lb) of equipment for conducting scientific research aboard the station. For the crew, food, medical and hygiene equipment will also be delivered, as well as documentation and personal items including books by Konstantin Tsiolkovsky and a birthday present for station commander Scott Kelly. The ARISSAT-1 or Kedr of 30 kg, miniaturised satellite was delivered to the ISS aboard Progress M-09M. It is an amateur radio satellite which will be deployed from the station during an EVA on 16 February 2011. The satellite will be operated by RSC Energia, and is part of the RadioSkaf programme. It is intended to commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of the Vostok 1 mission.

Inventory Total cargo mass delivered: 2666 kg.

Undocking and deorbit

Progress M-09M was undocked from the Pirs module at 11:41 UTC on 22 April 2011. After departing the space station, the spacecraft was used for Radar-Progress scientific experiment to investigate a reflection feature of the plasma generated by operations of the Progress propulsion. Upon the completion of this experiment the spacecraft was deorbited, and reentered over the "spacecraft cemetery" in the South Pacific Ocean. The deorbit manoeuvre was performed on 26 April 2011, with debris falling into the ocean at 13:23 UTC.

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Progress M-09M

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Progress M-09M claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Progress M-09M before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Progress M-09M ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Progress M-09M

In research: Progress M-09M appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Progress M-09M in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Progress M-09M is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Progress (spacecraft) missions, Spacecraft launched by Soyuz-U rockets, Spacecraft launched in 2011, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Progress M-09M outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Progress M-09M in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Progress M-09M means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Progress M-09M out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Progress M-09M in simple terms?

Why does Progress M-09M matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Progress M-09M?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Progress M-09M.