science

Progress M-14M

Progress M-14M is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Progress M-14M rather than just read about it. In short: Progress M-14M (Russian: Прогресс М-14М), identified by NASA as Progress 46P, is a Progress spacecraft which was used by Roskosmos to resupply the International Space Station during 2012. The fourteenth Progress-M 11F615A60 spacecraft, it had the serial number 414 and was built by RKK Energia.

Key takeaways

Progress M-14M belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Progress M-14M to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Progress M-14M from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Progress M-14M (Russian: Прогресс М-14М), identified by NASA as Progress 46P, is a Progress spacecraft which was used by Roskosmos to resupply the International Space Station during 2012. The fourteenth Progress-M 11F615A60 spacecraft, it had the serial number 414 and was built by RKK Energia. Upon its arrival in late January 2012, it delivered supplies to the Expedition 30 crew aboard the space station, where it remained docked until 19 April 2012.

Launch Progress M-14M was launched at 23:06:40 UTC on 25 January 2012. It was launched from Site 1/5 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome, by a Soyuz-U carrier rocket. In preparation for the launch, the spacecraft was fuelled at Site 31 on 18 January 2012, before being moved to Site 254 for final assembly, and mating with the third stage and fairing. This was mated to the lower stages of the carrier rocket at Site 112 on 23 January 2012, and rolled out to the launch pad at 01:00 UTC on 24 January 2012.

Orbit

About 529 seconds after launch, the spacecraft separated from the Soyuz-U into a low Earth orbit with a target perigee of 193 kilometres (120 mi), apogee of 245 kilometres (152 mi) and 51.66° of Orbital inclination. It spent a little over two days in free flight, during which time it conducted two main engine burns and a firing of its manoeuvring thrusters to raise its orbit before docking with the Pirs module of the International Space Station on 28 January 2012 at around 00:08:57 UTC; the docking port had been vacated by Progress M-13M on 23 January 2012. Progress M-14M undocked on 19 April 2012 at 11:04 UTC from the Pirs Module, making way for Progress M-15M. Unlike most Progress departures, Progress M-14M will spend additional time on orbit in order to carry out the "Radar-Progress" experiment, sounding the ionospheric environment as modified by thruster firings. The experiment will be conducted by the Siberian Institute of Solar-Earth Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The radar participating in the experiment is located in the Irkutsk region in southern Siberia. The Progress M-14M spacecraft deorbited on 28 April 2012 at around 13:46 UTC and sank in the Pacific Ocean upon its reentry.

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Progress M-14M

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Progress M-14M claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Progress M-14M before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Progress M-14M ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Progress M-14M

In research: Progress M-14M appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Progress M-14M in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Progress M-14M is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Progress (spacecraft) missions, Spacecraft launched by Soyuz-U rockets, Spacecraft launched in 2012, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Progress M-14M outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Progress M-14M in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Progress M-14M means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Progress M-14M out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Progress M-14M in simple terms?

Why does Progress M-14M matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Progress M-14M?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Progress M-14M.