science

Prolog++

Prolog++ is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Prolog++ rather than just read about it. In short: Prolog++ is an object-oriented toolkit for the Prolog logic programming language. It allows classes and class hierarchies to be created within Prolog programs.

Key takeaways

Prolog++ belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Prolog++ to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Prolog++ from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Prolog++ is an object-oriented toolkit for the Prolog logic programming language. It allows classes and class hierarchies to be created within Prolog programs. Prolog++ was developed by LPA and first released in 1989 for MS-DOS PCs. Support for other platforms was added, and a second version was released in 1995. A book entitled 'Prolog++ The Power of Object-Oriented and Logic Programming' by Chris Moss was published by Addison-Wesley in 1994. Currently, Prolog++ is available as an add-on to LPA Prolog for Windows. Three other approaches to object-oriented Prolog include PDC Visual Prolog (once known as Borland Turbo Prolog), SICStus Prolog and the almost implementation-neutral Logtalk framework.

See also Logtalk Visual Prolog Comparison of Prolog implementations Prolog syntax and semantics

References Chris Moss, Prolog++: The Power of Object-Oriented and Logic Programming (ISBN 0201565072)

External links Prolog++ toolkit, the Logic Programming Associates page. Prolog++ in the Free On-line Dictionary of Computing

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Prolog++

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Prolog++ claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Prolog++ before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Prolog++ ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Prolog++

In research: Prolog++ appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Prolog++ in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Prolog++ is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Logic programming languages, Object-oriented programming languages, Programming language topic stubs, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Prolog++ outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Prolog++ in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Prolog++ means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Prolog++ out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Prolog++ in simple terms?

Prolog++ is an object-oriented toolkit for the Prolog logic programming language. It allows classes and class hierarchies to be created within Prolog programs.

Why does Prolog++ matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Prolog++?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Prolog++.