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Proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors

Proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors rather than just read about it. In short: Proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors are transmembrane receptors which sense acidic pH and include GPR132 (G2A), GPR4, GPR68 (OGR1) and GPR65 (TDAG8). These G protein-coupled receptors are activated when extracellular pH falls into the range of 6.4-6.8 (typical values are above 7.0).

Proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors — main illustration
Proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors — illustration

Key takeaways

  • Proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
  • Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
  • Connect Proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
  • Reproduce the core statement of Proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors are transmembrane receptors which sense acidic pH and include GPR132 (G2A), GPR4, GPR68 (OGR1) and GPR65 (TDAG8). These G protein-coupled receptors are activated when extracellular pH falls into the range of 6.4-6.8 (typical values are above 7.0). The functional role of the low pH sensitivity of the proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors is being studied in several tissues where cells respond to conditions of low pH including bone and inflamed tissues. The four known proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors are Class A receptors in subfamily A15.

Nociception Pain sensation can be initiated by nociceptor cells that are sensory neurons with cell bodies located in the dorsal root ganglia. Some nociceptors respond to low pH and the pH-sensitive amiloride-sensitive cation channel 3 has been described as a modulator of acid-induced pain sensation. However, results with amiloride-sensitive cation channel 3 gene knockout mice suggest that those channels do not fully account for acid-induced pain sensation. Proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors have been shown to be expressed in small-diameter neurons responsible for nociception where they may play a role in acid-induced pain sensation. Acid-sensing neuron-mediated immediate pungent pain has been associated with acid-sensing ion channels.

Other functions

Mice lacking each of the four identified proton-sensing GPCRs have been studied. Results so far suggest that these GPCRs might regulate cell proliferation (immune system cells such as lymphocytes and macrophages), but due to redundancy and expression of multiple proton-sensing GPCRs family members in the same cell, multiple gene knockouts are needed. Results for mice lacking OGR1 suggested a possible role for proton-sensing GPCRs in osteoclasts.

References

Illustrations

Proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors: Production of cAMP in response to activation of TDAG8 G protein-coupled receptor by low pH. Data from Wang et al., "TDAG8 is a proton-sensing and psychosine-sensitive G-protein-coupled receptor".[1]
Production of cAMP in response to activation of TDAG8 G protein-coupled receptor by low pH. Data from Wang et al., "TDAG8 is a proton-sensing and psychosine-sensitive G-protein-coupled receptor".[1]
Proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors: Mice lacking the Ovarian cancer G protein-coupled receptor 1 gene (OGR1) had slower melanoma growth (KO) than control mice with OGR1 (FL), possibly due to a difference in macrophage activity.[7]
Mice lacking the Ovarian cancer G protein-coupled receptor 1 gene (OGR1) had slower melanoma growth (KO) than control mice with OGR1 (FL), possibly due to a difference in macrophage activity.[7]

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors

In research
Proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry
Engineering practice reuses Proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom
Proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics G protein-coupled receptors, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life
Look for Proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.
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How to study Proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors in 20 minutes

  1. Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
  2. Close the page and write down what Proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors means in your own words.
  3. Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
  4. Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
  5. Explain Proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors in simple terms?

Proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors are transmembrane receptors which sense acidic pH and include GPR132 (G2A), GPR4, GPR68 (OGR1) and GPR65 (TDAG8). These G protein-coupled receptors are activated when extracellular pH falls into the range of 6.4-6.8 (typical values are above 7.0).

Why does Proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors.

Tags

  • G protein-coupled receptors

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