biology

Pseudobolodon

Pseudobolodon is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Pseudobolodon rather than just read about it. In short: Pseudobolodon was a relatively early member of the also extinct order of mammals, Multituberculata. It lived in Portugal during the Upper Jurassic, part of the "age of the dinosaurs." It lies within the suborder "Plagiaulacida" and family Paulchoffatiidae.

Key takeaways

Pseudobolodon belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Pseudobolodon to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Pseudobolodon from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Pseudobolodon was a relatively early member of the also extinct order of mammals, Multituberculata. It lived in Portugal during the Upper Jurassic, part of the "age of the dinosaurs." It lies within the suborder "Plagiaulacida" and family Paulchoffatiidae. The genus Pseudobolodon ("false Bolodon") was named by Hahn G. in 1977 based on two species. A third one-time species, P. robustus (Hahn, 1978), seems to have transformed into Meketibolodon robustus (Hahn G. 1978). The species Pseudobolodon krebsi was named by Hahn G. & Hahn R. in 1994. Fossil remains consisting of two upper jaws have been found in the Kimmeridgian (Upper Jurassic)-age strata of Guimarota, Portugal. As for the septomaxilla mentioned in the title of the reference: "A small, triangular bone is placed between the premaxilla and the maxilla; this bone is interpreted as a septomaxilla. This is a bone that is typical for lower tetrapods (amphibians, reptiles), but is usually absent in mammals", (Hahn & Hahn 2000, p. 98). The premaxilla is the front bit of your upper jaw, while the maxilla is the side of it. Like other existing mammals, humans don't have this septomaxilla. The species Pseudobolodon oreas was named by Hahn G. in 1977. Remains consisting of seven upper jaws have been found in Kimmeridgian (Upper Jurassic)-age strata of Guimarota, Portugal.

References Hahn, G. & Hahn, R. (2000), "Multituberculates from the Guimarota mine", p. 97-107 in Martin T & Krebs B (eds), Guimarota - A Jurassic Ecosystem, Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München. Kielan-Jaworowska, Z. & Hurum, J.H. (2001), "Phylogeny and Systematics of multituberculate mammals", Paleontology 44, p. 389-429. Hahn & Hahn (1994), Nachweis des Septomaxillare bei Pseudobolodon krebsi n.sp. (Multituberculata) aus dem Malm Portugals, p. 9-29, in Miscellanea Palaeontologica 3. - 531 p., 67 pl., Berl. Geowiss. Abh. Vol 13, editors Kohring R & Martin T. (Evidence of the septomaxilla in Pseudobolodon krebsi n.sp. (Multituberculata) from the Malm of Portugal.) Much of this information has been derived from [1] Multituberculata Cope, 1884.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Pseudobolodon

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Pseudobolodon claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Pseudobolodon before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Pseudobolodon ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Pseudobolodon

In research: Pseudobolodon appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Pseudobolodon in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Pseudobolodon is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Fossils of Portugal, Late Jurassic mammals of Europe, Mesozoic mammal stubs, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Pseudobolodon outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

Ask Teacher Smith questions about this articleOpens your AI tutor with a question about “Pseudobolodon” →

Affiliate

Preply — study more efficiently by working with a personal tutor. 50% off.

How to study Pseudobolodon in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Pseudobolodon means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Pseudobolodon out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Pseudobolodon in simple terms?

Why does Pseudobolodon matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Pseudobolodon?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Pseudobolodon.