science

Psynapse (organization)

Psynapse (organization) is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Psynapse (organization) rather than just read about it. In short: Psynapse (formerly known as EmmaSofia) is a nonprofit organization based in Oslo, Norway, which aims to increase access to MDMA and psychedelics for medical and scientific purposes, as well as advocating for the legalization of psychedelics for human rights reasons. Psynapse was founded in 2015 by researchers Pål-Ørjan Johansen and his wife, Teri Krebs.

Key takeaways

Psynapse (organization) belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Psynapse (organization) to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Psynapse (organization) from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Psynapse (formerly known as EmmaSofia) is a nonprofit organization based in Oslo, Norway, which aims to increase access to MDMA and psychedelics for medical and scientific purposes, as well as advocating for the legalization of psychedelics for human rights reasons. Psynapse was founded in 2015 by researchers Pål-Ørjan Johansen and his wife, Teri Krebs.

Background Teri Krebs is a former research fellow at the Department of Neuroscience at the Faculty of Medicine of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Pål-Ørjan Johansen is a clinical psychologist who has spoken out about having self-medicated with psilocybin and MDMA to treat his PTSD and alcoholism. Both researchers are known for their studies on the use of LSD to treat alcoholism, as well as a meta-analysis of 130,000 randomly chosen people, including 22,000 people who had used LSD, peyote or psilocybin mushrooms at least once. The latter study led them to conclude that there was no link between these psychedelics and mental health problems and that in fact, they found some significant associations between the use of psychedelic drugs and fewer mental health problems. According to Johansen, the ban on psychedelics goes against human rights as the substances are less harmful than other common activities and because psychedelics play an important role in belief, spiritual practice, personality development and leisure.

References

Further reading Higgins, Andrew (4 May 2015). "Odd Push in Drug-Averse Norway: LSD Is O.K." The New York Times. Retrieved 19 July 2016. "MDMA And Psychedelics For Free? Researchers To Use These Drugs For Therapy, Not Tripping". International Business Times. 13 March 2015. Retrieved 19 July 2016. "Could ecstasy be a potential treatment for PTSD?". Maclean's. 13 July 2015. Retrieved 19 July 2016. "EmmaSofia and the case for psychedelic legalization". Salon. 3 April 2015. Retrieved 19 July 2016. "Norwegian Doctors Say Psychedelic Drugs Are as Safe as 'Riding a Bike or Playing Soccer'". Mic. 10 April 2015. Retrieved 19 July 2016.

External links Official website

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Psynapse (organization)

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Psynapse (organization) claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Psynapse (organization) before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Psynapse (organization) ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Psynapse (organization)

In research: Psynapse (organization) appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Psynapse (organization) in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Psynapse (organization) is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Drug culture, Norwegian psychedelic drug advocates, Organisations based in Oslo, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Psynapse (organization) outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Psynapse (organization) in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Psynapse (organization) means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Psynapse (organization) out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Psynapse (organization) in simple terms?

Why does Psynapse (organization) matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Psynapse (organization)?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Psynapse (organization).