science

Public–public partnership

Public–public partnership is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Public–public partnership rather than just read about it. In short: A public–public partnership (PuP) is a partnership between a government body or public authority and another such body or a non-profit organization to provide services and/or facilities, sometimes with the goal of transferring technical skills and expertise within international development projects. Partners can include other local, regional, state, provincial, first nations or aboriginal governments, national or fe…

Key takeaways

Public–public partnership belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Public–public partnership to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Public–public partnership from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

A public–public partnership (PuP) is a partnership between a government body or public authority and another such body or a non-profit organization to provide services and/or facilities, sometimes with the goal of transferring technical skills and expertise within international development projects. Partners can include other local, regional, state, provincial, first nations or aboriginal governments, national or federal governments, school boards, parks boards, non-governmental organizations, unions, pension funds, professional organizations, and governments, labour, non-governmental organizations and community groups in developing countries. Public–public partnerships exist in contrast to public–private partnerships (P3s or PPPs). PPPs involve governments contracting corporations to design, build, finance, maintain and operate public projects like schools, hospitals and bridges. They usually involve large global corporations with contracts often lasting decades.

PUPs in water The Yokohama Waterworks Bureau first started training partnerships in the 1980s to help staff in other Asian countries. Far more countries have hosted PUPs than PPPs (44 countries with private participation). Water PUPs have been around for over 20 years and are in all regions of the world. They have been growing in number more rapidly the last few years. They are used as an alternative tool for improvements in public water management.

PUPs in research In the European Union public–public partnerships are used to coordinate national research policies to create a pan-European research system, also called the European Research Area. Public–public partnerships are also shortened as P2Ps (public to public partnerships) in this context. These P2Ps are used for networking activities and the launch of transnational joint calls for research projects to align national strategies, helping to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of public research efforts. Since 2000, several kinds of P2Ps like Joint Programming Initiatives, the ERA-NET Scheme and Article 185 Initiatives have been developed. Since European research policy considered itself as 'Open to the World', several third-countries participate in these ERA-Nets and Joint Programming Initiatives. Today (2017) more than 100 countries participate in about 90 active European P2P research networks.

See also Global public–private partnership

References

Department for Communities and Local Government (June 2006). Rethinking Service Delivery. Volume 3: Shared Service and Public/Public Partnerships. DCLG Publications. ISBN 978-1-85112-837-2. Retrieved 2009-05-26. Greasley, K.; Watson, P. J.; Patel, S. (2008). "The formation of public-public partnerships: A case study examination of collaboration on a "back to work" initiative". International Journal of Public Sector Management. 21 (3): 305–313. doi:10.1108/09513550810863204. Battaglio, R. P.; Khankarli, G. A. (2008). "Toll Roads, Politics, and Public–Public Partnerships: the Case of Texas State Highway 121". Public Works Management & Policy. 13 (2): 138. doi:10.1177/1087724X08323844. S2CID 154722305. Hukka, J.; Vinnari, E. (2007). "Public–public partnerships in the Finnish water services sector". Utilities Policy. 15 (2): 86–89. doi:10.1016/j.jup.2007.01.002. Hartebrodt, Christoph; Fillbrandt, Thomas; Brandl, Helmut (2005). "Community forests in Baden-Württemberg (Germany): A case study for successful Public-Public-Partnership". Small-Scale Forestry. 4 (3): 229–250. doi:10.1007/s11842-005-0015-8. S2CID 35239401. Lobina, Emanuele; Hall, David (2006). "Public-Public Partnerships as a catalyst for capacity building and institutional development: Lessons from Stockholm Vatten's experience in the Baltic region". Public Services International Research Unit, University of Greenwich. Archived from the original on 2009-07-05. Retrieved 2009-05-26.

External links Public–public partnerships in health and essential services Public–public partnership for water management proposed Public-public partnerships in water: advancing towards an efficient water service PuPS at the IDRC Public-public partnerships (PUPs) in water Water Justice Project at the Transnational Institute The ERA-LEARN 2020 support platform helps member states, ministries and funding agencies to align national strategies in the European Union through public to public partnerships

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Public–public partnership

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Public–public partnership claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Public–public partnership before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Public–public partnership ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Public–public partnership

In research: Public–public partnership appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Public–public partnership in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Public–public partnership is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Public economics, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Public–public partnership outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Public–public partnership in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Public–public partnership means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Public–public partnership out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Public–public partnership in simple terms?

Why does Public–public partnership matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Public–public partnership?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Public–public partnership.