biology

Pulleniatina obliquiloculata

Pulleniatina obliquiloculata is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Pulleniatina obliquiloculata rather than just read about it. In short: Pulleniatina obliquiloculata is a planktonic foraminifera, one of the two extant species for the genus Pulleniatina, first occurrence within N19 zone (or PL1, C3n. 1r). Widely tropical-subtropical marine mixoplankton, pelagic inhabitants of deep waters (lower mesopelagic to upper bathypelagic environment).

Key takeaways

Pulleniatina obliquiloculata belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Pulleniatina obliquiloculata to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Pulleniatina obliquiloculata from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Pulleniatina obliquiloculata is a planktonic foraminifera, one of the two extant species for the genus Pulleniatina, first occurrence within N19 zone (or PL1, C3n. 1r). Widely tropical-subtropical marine mixoplankton, pelagic inhabitants of deep waters (lower mesopelagic to upper bathypelagic environment).

Taxonomy This species first described in 1862 by Parker and Jones, named as Pullenia obliquiloculata. Brady in 1884 fist changed the name to Pulleniatina obliquiloculata. Parker and Jones in 1967 divided Pulleniatina obliquiloculata in to three subspecies: P. obliquiloculata obliquiloculata, P. obliquiloculata praecursor and P. obliquiloculata finalis. Later Reach supported those subspecies as species, Pulleniatina obliquiloculata obliquiloculata nowadays named Pulleniatina obliquiloculata. P. obliquiloculata used to be under the Globorotaliinae as a subfamily which belongs to Globigerinidae, now Globorotaliinae is separated into an independent family Globorotaliidae.

Evolution Phylogenetic tree base on morphology and fossil records shows that Pulleniatina evolved two lineages separated at Late Miocene (N17 zone), extant species are the obliquiloculata lineage, P. obliquiloculata separated from P. praecursor at Early- middle Pliocene. The closest relationship species with Pulleniatina is Neogloboquadrina acostaensis or Globorotalia (Turborotalia) acostaensis. P. obloqulioculata also classified as nonspinose macroperforate, but a publication by Burt and Scott in 1975, suggested that P. obloqulioculata is spinose in the early of its ontogeny. Phylogenetic tree base on small sub-unit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) shows that P. obliquiloculata has closely relationship with Neogloboquadrina. Somehow, there is a reach shows that P. obliquiloculata can separate into two clades, the phylogenetic relationship with these two clades are so separated, maybe there were some P. finalis misidentification as P. obliquiloculata. The genetic relationship of those modern macroperforates are not clear. So far, knowledge about these organisms is very limited.

Geological event There some coiling direction transition event happens after Pulleniatina differentiation, the cause and detailed mechanism are unknown, but it can still be used to assist in the judgment of geological age. P. obliquiloculata basically right coiling, but Pulleniatina species on the originally are left coiling species, also the extinct Pulleniatina lineage Pulleniatina praespectabilis– spectabilis lineage actually left coiling. One of the famous transition event is left-coiling episode 9 or L9. Those kinds of transition have no evidence for cause by climate. Geological record shows Pulleniatina disappearance from the Atlantic Ocean in the Late Pliocene calls Atlantic Ocean disappearance. At the middle of Pleistocene there was Atlantic Ocean reappearance for Pulleniatina.

Ecology Base on the nitrogen isotopic composition between two amino acids (glutamic acid and phenylalanine), the result shoes that P. obliquiloculata is omnivorous with herbivorous dependence, food source maybe contents more phytoplankton than zooplankton. P. obliquiloculata has ability to sexual reproduction, reproductive cycles have characterized by lunar periodicity, also seasonal changes, the peak breeding period is approximately from autumn to spring, around each full moon. P. obliquiloculata calcification has strong positive correlation with temperature, ocean warming may increase P. obliquiloculata calcification.

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Pulleniatina obliquiloculata

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Pulleniatina obliquiloculata claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Pulleniatina obliquiloculata before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Pulleniatina obliquiloculata ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Pulleniatina obliquiloculata

In research: Pulleniatina obliquiloculata appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Pulleniatina obliquiloculata in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Pulleniatina obliquiloculata is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Foraminifera species, Globigerinina, Index fossils, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Pulleniatina obliquiloculata outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Pulleniatina obliquiloculata in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Pulleniatina obliquiloculata means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Pulleniatina obliquiloculata out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Pulleniatina obliquiloculata in simple terms?

Why does Pulleniatina obliquiloculata matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Pulleniatina obliquiloculata?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Pulleniatina obliquiloculata.