science

Pylaemenes elenamikhailorum

Pylaemenes elenamikhailorum is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Pylaemenes elenamikhailorum rather than just read about it. In short: Pylaemenes elenamikhailorum is a species of stick insects native in Sepilok on Borneo. In application of the more recent differentiation between the genera Pylaemenes and Orestes the species is sometimes also called Orestes elenamikhailorum.

Key takeaways

Pylaemenes elenamikhailorum belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Pylaemenes elenamikhailorum to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Pylaemenes elenamikhailorum from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Pylaemenes elenamikhailorum is a species of stick insects native in Sepilok on Borneo. In application of the more recent differentiation between the genera Pylaemenes and Orestes the species is sometimes also called Orestes elenamikhailorum.

Characteristics The males are about 39 to 42 millimetres (1.5 to 1.7 in) long and, typical of the genus, are medium to dark brown in color. On the head there are mostly pairs of more or less distinct structures that are species-specific (see also Acanthotaxy of Heteropterygidae). In males of Pylaemenes elenamikhailorum the supra-antennals are present as clear spines and are slightly directed outwards. The supra occipitals behind it are somewhat smaller. Various tubercles and spines form a crown on the occiput. The lateral pre occipitals are spiky and directed outwards. The anterior occipitals are broad at the base and point upwards backwards. Behind it there is only a small central occipital. The posterior occipitals are formed as a smaller pair of spines on the side of the central occipital. The pronotum is deeply grooved transversely in the middle and has a pair of tubercles behind. The mesonotum has noticeable edges along the middle and sides. Its rear edge is slightly raised and has two small tubercles. The metanotum also has lateral edges, but no tubercles. The females are 46 to 55 millimetres (1.8 to 2.2 in) long. The structures on the head are similar to those of the males, but are not designed as spines, but rather as tubercles. In addition to the typical light to dark brown basic color, especially fresh adult females show contrasting patterns of light and darker spots. At the rear edge of the mesonotum there is a pair of small tubercles.

Taxonomy Francis Seow-Choen described the species in 2016 as Pylaemenes elenamikhailorum based on offspring. These were bred by Elena Tkacheva and Mikhail Berezin, two Russian entomologists from the insectarium of the Moscow Zoo who collected this species in Sepilok in 2013 and had successfully bred. The species name is dedicated to both and a combination of their first names. Seow-Choen received a pair of the species from them during a visit in 2015. As holotype is a male, as paratype is a female at the Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum at the National University of Singapore deposited. Two other paratypes are in the private collection of Seow-Choen. As part of the description of six new Orestes species from Vietnam, Joachim Bresseel and Jérôme Constant introduced a new delimitation between the genera Pylaemenes and Orestes in January 2018, which was confirmed by genetic analysis in 2021. According to this, Pylaemenes elenamikhailorum must be transferred to the genus Orestes. Seow-Choen continues to list the species in Pylaemenes in December 2019, although he includes the work of Bresseel and Constant in the list of references.

Terraristic Since Tkacheva and Berezin found the species in Sepilok in 2013, they have successfully kept and bred it in the Moscow Zoo and since 2015 distributed it as a breeding stock. In 2018 this came to Germany for the first time, where Daniel Dittmar initially parthenogenetically and since 2020 also sexually bred and distributed it. The species easily eats the leaves of bramble and other Rosaceae.

Gallery

References

External links Media related to Pylaemenes elenamikhailorum at Wikimedia Commons

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Pylaemenes elenamikhailorum

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Pylaemenes elenamikhailorum claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Pylaemenes elenamikhailorum before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Pylaemenes elenamikhailorum ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Pylaemenes elenamikhailorum

In research: Pylaemenes elenamikhailorum appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Pylaemenes elenamikhailorum in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Pylaemenes elenamikhailorum is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Insects described in 2016, Phasmatodea, Phasmatodea of Indo-China, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Pylaemenes elenamikhailorum outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Pylaemenes elenamikhailorum in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Pylaemenes elenamikhailorum means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Pylaemenes elenamikhailorum out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Pylaemenes elenamikhailorum in simple terms?

Why does Pylaemenes elenamikhailorum matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Pylaemenes elenamikhailorum?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Pylaemenes elenamikhailorum.