chemistry

RTI-31

RTI-31 is a chemistry topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand RTI-31 rather than just read about it. In short: RTI-31 ((–)-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4'-chlorophenyl)tropane) is a synthetic analog of cocaine that acts as a stimulant. Semi-synthesis of this compound is dependent upon the availability of cocaine starting material.

Key takeaways

RTI-31 belongs to chemistry; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect RTI-31 to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of RTI-31 from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

RTI-31 ((–)-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4'-chlorophenyl)tropane) is a synthetic analog of cocaine that acts as a stimulant. Semi-synthesis of this compound is dependent upon the availability of cocaine starting material. According to the article, RTI-31 is 64 times the strength of cocaine in terms of its potency to elicit self-administration in monkeys. WIN 35428 was 6 times weaker than RTI-31, whereas RTI-51 was 2.6 times weaker than RTI-31. A further advantage, in addition to potency of this compound, is that its duration of activity is longer than for cocaine. It could therefore be considered within the context as an agonist based therapy for treating cocaine addiction, although it is actually RTI-336 that entered into clinical trials with this in mind. RTI-31 is already completely psychoactive in its own right meaning that further chemical manipulation should be viewed as an option that is not strictly necessary. RTI-336 is actually made using RTI-31 as starting material. RTI-31 is not an entirely selective DRI in that it also has appreciable SERT and NET blocking affinity. RTI-31 can easily be "cleaned" though, as is done, for instance, by replacing the carbomethoxy ester with a more sterically occluded substituent such as is done for RTI-113.

Binding and uptake selectivity Based on the uptake of tritiated biogenic monoamine radiotracers it can be confirmed by observing the figures in the attached table that RTI-31 is a relatively balanced reuptake inhibitor wrt the D/N/S ratio. The binding ligand affinities for the different transporters is skewed somewhat in favor of the DAT; there may be some bias in the data. The reason for this could be that WIN35428 is relatively easier to displace from the DAT versus paroxetine from the SERT, because of the higher binding constant of the former compound. Also it needs to be borne in mind the idea of transporter promiscuity. It may be possible that the NE levels are raised, at least in part, through DAT blockade. RTI-31 lies somewhere in the middle of the table between troparil on one end and RTI-55 on the other. It is not as selective as RTI-113 for the DAT, but is more selective than dichloropane is for this transporter. RTI-31 also has some muscarinic acetylcholine agonist activity.

Data in Above table from rats brains (1995). More recent work has advocated using cloned human transporters.

See also (+)-CPCA RTI-336 RTI-113 McN-5292

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with RTI-31

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what RTI-31 claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In chemistry, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to RTI-31 before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about RTI-31 ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of RTI-31

In research: RTI-31 appears in chemistry research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses RTI-31 in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: RTI-31 is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 4-Chlorophenyl compounds, Dopamine reuptake inhibitors, Methyl esters, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for RTI-31 outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study RTI-31 in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what RTI-31 means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain RTI-31 out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is RTI-31 in simple terms?

Why does RTI-31 matter?

Because it connects several chemistry ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study RTI-31?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on RTI-31.