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Raúl Rojas

Raúl Rojas is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Raúl Rojas rather than just read about it. In short: Raúl Rojas González (born 1955, in Mexico City) is a Mexican emeritus professor of Computer Science and Mathematics at the Free University of Berlin, and a renowned specialist in artificial neural networks. The FU-Fighters, football-playing robots he helped build, were world champions in 2004 and 2005.

Raúl Rojas — main illustration
Raúl Rojas — illustration

Key takeaways

  • Raúl Rojas belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
  • Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
  • Connect Raúl Rojas to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
  • Reproduce the core statement of Raúl Rojas from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Raúl Rojas González (born 1955, in Mexico City) is a Mexican emeritus professor of Computer Science and Mathematics at the Free University of Berlin, and a renowned specialist in artificial neural networks. The FU-Fighters, football-playing robots he helped build, were world champions in 2004 and 2005. He is now leading an autonomous car project called Spirit of Berlin. He and his team were awarded the Wolfgang von Kempelen Prize for his work on Konrad Zuse and the history of computers. Although most of his current research and teaching revolves around artificial intelligence and its applications, he holds academic degrees in mathematics and economics. In 2009 the Mexican government created the Raúl Rojas González Prize for scientific achievement by Mexican citizens. The first recipient of the prize was Luis Rafael Herrera Estrella, for contributions to plant biotechnology. He ran for president at the Free University of Berlin in 2010. In 2015, he joined the University of Nevada, Reno, College of Science. In addition, he is senior professor at the German University of Digital Science.

History Rojas was born on June 25, 1955, in Mexico City to an engineer and a teacher. He attended university at the National Polytechnic Institute in Mexico City, where he majored in Mathematics and Physics. He moved to Germany in 1982 as a doctoral student in economics under the guidance of the political economist Elmar Altvater. The resulting dissertation was published under the title "Die Armut der Nationen – Handbuch zur Schuldenkrise von Argentinien bis Zaire" (The poverty of nations – Handbook of debt crisis from Argentina to Zaire). He became a full professor at University of Halle-Wittenberg in 1994, and later moved to the Free University of Berlin, where he remains today in the Informatics department. His wife, Margarita Esponda Argüero, is a professor in the same department.

Prizes 2001: Gründerpreis Multimedia of the German Ministry of Finance and Technology 2002: European Academic Software Award 2004 and 2005: World champions in football robots with the FU-Fighters 2005: Wolfgang von Kempelen Prize for the History of Informatics 2009: Received the Heberto Castillo gold medal for contributions to science from the Mexico City government 2015: Was named Professor of the year by the Association of German Universities 2015: Received the National Prize of Sciences and Arts by the Mexican Government in the category of Technology and Design

Works Rojas, Raúl (1996). Neural Networks. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-61068-4. ISBN 978-3-540-60505-8. S2CID 40019197. Available as a free e-book Rojas, Raúl, ed. (1998). Die Rechenmaschinen von Konrad Zuse. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-71944-8. ISBN 978-3-642-71945-5. Rojas, Raúl (2023). Konrad Zuse's Early Computers. Switzerland: Springer Nature. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-74718-7. ISBN 3031398750. Rojas, Raúl (2001). Encyclopedia of Computers and Computer History. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-57958-235-7. Rojas, Raul; Hashagen, Ulf (26 July 2002). The First Computers. MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-68137-7. "RoboCup 2002: Robot Soccer World Cup VI". Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 2752. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 2003. doi:10.1007/b11927. ISBN 978-3-540-40666-2. ISSN 0302-9743. S2CID 6657080. Rojas, Raúl, The Language of Mathematics: The Stories behind the Symbols, Princeton University Press, 2025.

References

External links Homepage of Raúl Rojas at the University of Nevada Homepage of Raúl Rojas at the Free University of Berlin Curriculum vitae of Raúl Rojas FU-Fighters football robots Autonomous car project Archived 2010-02-12 at the Wayback Machine

Illustrations

Raúl Rojas: Rojas in August 2011
Rojas in August 2011
Raúl Rojas: FU-Fighters, World Champion 2004, 2005: artificial intelligence football robots created by the team around Raúl Rojas
FU-Fighters, World Champion 2004, 2005: artificial intelligence football robots created by the team around Raúl Rojas

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Raúl Rojas

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Raúl Rojas claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Raúl Rojas before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Raúl Rojas ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Raúl Rojas

In research
Raúl Rojas appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry
Engineering practice reuses Raúl Rojas in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom
Raúl Rojas is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1955 births, Academic staff of the Free University of Berlin, Instituto Politécnico Nacional alumni, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life
Look for Raúl Rojas outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.
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How to study Raúl Rojas in 20 minutes

  1. Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
  2. Close the page and write down what Raúl Rojas means in your own words.
  3. Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
  4. Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
  5. Explain Raúl Rojas out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Raúl Rojas in simple terms?

Raúl Rojas González (born 1955, in Mexico City) is a Mexican emeritus professor of Computer Science and Mathematics at the Free University of Berlin, and a renowned specialist in artificial neural networks. The FU-Fighters, football-playing robots he helped build, were world champions in 2004 and 2…

Why does Raúl Rojas matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Raúl Rojas?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Raúl Rojas.

Tags

  • 1955 births
  • Academic staff of the Free University of Berlin
  • Instituto Politécnico Nacional alumni
  • Living people
  • Mexican scientists
  • National Autonomous University of Mexico alumni
  • National Prize for Arts and Sciences (Mexico)
  • Scientists from Mexico City

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