Radiochromic film is a type of self-developing film typically used in the testing and characterisation of radiographic equipment such as CT scanners and radiotherapy linacs. The film contains a dye which changes colour when exposed to ionising radiation, allowing the level of exposure and beam profile to be characterised. Unlike X-ray film, no developing process is required and results can be obtained almost instantly, while also being insensitive to visible light (making handling easier).
Mechanism For medical dosimetry "gafchromic dosimetry film ... is arguably the most widely used commercial product." Several types of gafchromic film are marketed with differing properties. One type, MD-55, is made up of layers of polyester substrate with active emulsion layers adhered (approximately 16 μm thick). The active layer consists of polycrystalline, substituted-diacetylene, with the colour change occurring due to "progressive 1,4-trans additions as polyconjugations along the ladder-like polymer chains."
Usage Radiochromic films have been in general use since the late 1960s, although the general principle has been known about since the 19th century.
Profiling Radiochromic film can provide high spatial resolution of ionising radiation. Depending on the scanning technique, sub-millimetre resolution can be achieved.
Dosimetry Unlike many other types of radiation detector, radiochromic film can be used for absolute dosimetry where information about absorbed dose is needed. It is typically scanned (e.g., using a standard flatbed scanner) to quantify optical density and therefore degree of exposure. Gafchromic film has been shown to provide measurements accurate to within 2% of absorbed doses in the range of 0.2–100 Gy.
References
Further reading Williams, Matthew; Metcalfe, Peter (5 May 2011). "Radiochromic Film Dosimetry and its Applications in Radiotherapy". AIP Conference Proceedings. 1345 (1): 75–99. Bibcode:2011AIPC.1345...75W. doi:10.1063/1.3576160. ISSN 0094-243X.


