astronomy

Rainer Froese

Rainer Froese is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Rainer Froese rather than just read about it. In short: Rainer Froese (born 25 August 1950 in Wismar, East Germany) is a senior scientist at the Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research (GEOMAR) in Kiel, formerly the Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences (IFM-GEOMAR), and a Pew Fellow in Marine Conservation. He obtained an MSc in Biology in 1985 at the University of Kiel and a PhD in Biology in 1990 from the University of Hamburg.

Key takeaways

Rainer Froese belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Rainer Froese to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Rainer Froese from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Rainer Froese (born 25 August 1950 in Wismar, East Germany) is a senior scientist at the Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research (GEOMAR) in Kiel, formerly the Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences (IFM-GEOMAR), and a Pew Fellow in Marine Conservation. He obtained an MSc in Biology in 1985 at the University of Kiel and a PhD in Biology in 1990 from the University of Hamburg. Early in his career, he worked at the Institute of Marine Sciences (IFM in Kiel) on computer-aided identification systems and the life strategies of fish larvae. His current research interests include fish information systems, marine biodiversity, marine biogeography, and the population dynamics of fisheries and large marine ecosystems. Froese is best known for his work developing and maintaining FishBase, a large and widely accessed online information system on fish. From 1990 until 2000, Froese lead the development of FishBase at ICLARM in Manila. Since 2000, he has coordinated the large international consortium that now oversees FishBase. Its searchable database contains 34,000 fish species and the site receives over 30 million views each month. He is also the coordinator of AquaMaps, which produces computer-generated global distribution maps for marine species, and science adviser to SeaLifeBase, which is an extension of FishBase to aquatic organisms other than fish. Froese has authored or co-authored over 100 scientific publications. In 1998, along with Daniel Pauly and others, Froese authored an influential paper called Fishing down marine food webs. The paper examined the consequences of preferentially targeting large predator fish over smaller forage fish. As a result, the fishing industry has been "fishing down the food web", and the mean trophic level in the oceans has progressively decreased. More recently, in a 2011 letter to Nature, he stated that the European Common Fisheries Policy "consistently gets to overrule scientific advice and drive fish stocks to the brink of collapse. Without massive subsidies, European fisheries would be bankrupt: the cost of hunting the few remaining fish would exceed the income from selling the catch."

Some publications

Full list of publications

See also Environmental niche modelling Biodiversity informatics

Notes

References Biological Information Systems IFM-GEOMAR, Retrieved 28 July 2011.

External links Interview with: Dr. Rainer Froese, marine biologist on YouTube video, 13 September 2010. EU Fisheries Reforms Aim for Sustainability Der Spiegel, 12 July 2011. Towards healthy stocks and healthy profits in European fisheries Presentation at Hearing: "How much fish can be safely caught?", 3 May 2011, Brussels. Trends in Global Fisheries Likely Causes & Possible Solutions Presentation at the WTO Forum in Geneva, 17 September 2010. AquaMaps Presentation at EDIT Symposium in Kiel, 18 January 2011. Rainier Froese on FishBase Retrieved 18 July 2011. FishBase: Brief History and Consortium 5 May 2006.

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Rainer Froese

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Rainer Froese claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Rainer Froese before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Rainer Froese ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Rainer Froese

In research: Rainer Froese appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Rainer Froese in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Rainer Froese is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1950 births, 20th-century German zoologists, 21st-century German zoologists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Rainer Froese outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Rainer Froese in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Rainer Froese means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Rainer Froese out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Rainer Froese in simple terms?

Why does Rainer Froese matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Rainer Froese?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Rainer Froese.