astronomy

Ramón Jardí i Borrás

Ramón Jardí i Borrás is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Ramón Jardí i Borrás rather than just read about it. In short: Ramon Jardí i Borras (Tivissa, November 13, 1881 – June 5, 1972) was a Catalan meteorologist, astronomer and seismologist. He participated in the foundation of the Meteorological Service of Catalonia (1921–1939).

Key takeaways

Ramón Jardí i Borrás belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Ramón Jardí i Borrás to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Ramón Jardí i Borrás from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Ramon Jardí i Borras (Tivissa, November 13, 1881 – June 5, 1972) was a Catalan meteorologist, astronomer and seismologist. He participated in the foundation of the Meteorological Service of Catalonia (1921–1939). He was member of the Academy of Sciences and Arts (1914), professor of electricity at Industrial School University (1917), professor at the University of Barcelona (1930–1951) and a member of the Institut d'Estudis Catalans (1926–1931).

Early life Ramon Jardí studied at the Faculty of Science, where he specialized in Physical Science. After obtaining his doctorate, he taught at the University of Barcelona (1930–1951).

Career In the engineering field, he modified Bourdon's anemograph that was installed at the Fabra Observatory to address design problems. He named the improved model "Bourdon-Jardí". It continues in use. Upon approval of the creation of the Meteorological Service of Catalonia by the Permanent Council of the Commonwealth of Catalonia in September 1919, Eduard Fontserè was appointed its director. He appointed Ramon Jardí as his assistant. While director of the Fabra Observatory, he represented the Meteorological Service of Catalonia at international meetings of the Conference of Directors of Meteorological Services.

Pluviometer of intensities

The pluviometer of intensities (or Jardi's pluviometer), is a tool that measures the average intensity of rainfall over an interval of time. The device was initially designed to record rainfall in Barcelona, but eventually spread throughout the world.

History In 1921, the president of the Commonwealth of Catalonia of that time, Josep Puig i Cadafalch, explained to Eduard Fontserè his concerns about the need for a method to measure the intensity of rainfall. A huge downpour had fallen in Barcelona not long before. Fontserè commissioned Jardí to construct a pluviometer that could record a similar rainfall. Before the end of that year, his device was already working in the Meteorological Service of Catalonia. Patented copies of this pluviometer were mass-produced by two international companies: Richard (Paris) and Casella (London). In June 1927, two pluviometers entered into operation, one in the Department of Meteorology and one in the Fabra Observatory. Thanks to the device and to the uninterrupted activity of the Observatory, Barcelona has a record of "almost-instantaneous" intensities of rainfall that is the most comprehensive in the world.

Operation It employs the principle of feedback .. the incoming water pushes the buoy upwards, outgoing water lowers it, adjusting "conic needle" to let pass the same amount of water that enters into the container, this way.. "inked needle" records, on the drum's sheet, the amount of water flowing through the "conic hole" at every moment -in mm of rainfall per square-meter Jardi's pluviometer consists of a drum that rotates at constant speed. The drum moves a graduated sheet of cardboard (the cardboard sheet is usually for one day) that records the time at the abscissa while the y axis indicates the height of rainfall in mm. A pen moves vertically as the cardboard moves below it. The pen is driven by a buoy, marking the paper with the instantaneous rainfall rate over a period of time. When rain falls, it is collected by an external funnel. It passes into the cylindrical reservoir and raises the buoy... that raises the pen along the vertical axis, marking the cardboard accordingly. If the rainfall does not vary, the water level in the container remains constant, and the pen's mark is approximately a horizontal line, proportional to the amount of water that is falling. If the rain is heavy enough, it can exceed the device's capacity. At that level, the regulating hole is uncovered, discarding the excess water. If the rain decreases, the buoy drops at the same speed -as the cylindrical reservoir empties. The pluviometer recorded precipitation in Barcelona for 95 years and in places such as Hong-Kong). To measure the average intensity of rainfall in a certain interval of time, the Pluviometer of intensities uses the formula:

h ( Δ T ) Δ T = i {\textstyle {\frac {h(\Delta {\mathit {T}})}{\Delta {\mathit {T}}}}={\mathit {i}}\,}

Intensity varies over time. The pluviometer records instantaneous rain intensity (as its name defines):

lim Δ T → 0 h ( Δ T ) Δ T = i ( t ) {\textstyle \lim _{\Delta {\mathit {T}}\rightarrow 0}{\frac {h(\Delta {\mathit {T}})}{\Delta {\mathit {T}}}}={\mathit {i}}({\mathit {t}})}

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Ramón Jardí i Borrás

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Ramón Jardí i Borrás claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Ramón Jardí i Borrás before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Ramón Jardí i Borrás ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Ramón Jardí i Borrás

In research: Ramón Jardí i Borrás appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Ramón Jardí i Borrás in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Ramón Jardí i Borrás is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1881 births, 1972 deaths, Seismologists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Ramón Jardí i Borrás outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Ramón Jardí i Borrás in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Ramón Jardí i Borrás means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Ramón Jardí i Borrás out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Ramón Jardí i Borrás in simple terms?

Why does Ramón Jardí i Borrás matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Ramón Jardí i Borrás?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Ramón Jardí i Borrás.