computer science

Razdan (computer)

Razdan (computer) is a computer science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Razdan (computer) rather than just read about it. In short: Razdan is a family of general-purpose, digital electronic computers created from 1958 to 1965 at the Yerevan Computer Research and Development Institute (YerNIIMM). The computer has a semiconductor element base, that is, it belongs to computers of the second generation.

Key takeaways

Razdan (computer) belongs to computer science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Razdan (computer) to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Razdan (computer) from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Razdan is a family of general-purpose, digital electronic computers created from 1958 to 1965 at the Yerevan Computer Research and Development Institute (YerNIIMM). The computer has a semiconductor element base, that is, it belongs to computers of the second generation.

Razdan The machine has been developed since 1958, based on the documentation for the M-3 machine (created under the direction of N.Ya.Matyukhin in the laboratory of I. S. Bruk). The head of the work is E. L. Brusilovsky. In 1960, the Razdan machine was handed over to the State Commission.

Machine specifications Command system: two-address, 17 basic commands, each of which has 8 modifications Number system: binary, the word consists of 36 binary digits, of which 29 are the mantissa, 1 is the sign, 5 is the order, 1 is the sign of the order. Speed: 5000 ops/sec. Power consumption: approx. 3 kW from AC 220/380 V, 50 Hz. Occupied area: 20 sq. m. In parallel with the assembly and adjustment of Razdan, in the same research institute, work was underway on the creation of the "Aragats" computer, which has the same architecture. To assist in the creation of Razdan and Aragats, several employees of the Computing Center of the Academy of Sciences were seconded to Yerevan, the head of the group was A. P. Merenkov.

Razdan-2 Serially produced since 1961. Entering and storing data and code is on perforated 35mm film.

Razdan-3 Put into operation in 1965, serial production of the machine began in 1966. Used as a control computer for working with scientific equipment. in nuclear research. There were several scientific programming languages compiled for it such as Fortran and Algol-60. On the basis of this model, in 1967–1977 YerNIIMM developed a system for automating the process of selling railway tickets – the Marshrut-1 complex (chief designer – A. Kuchukyan). This complex was used for a long time at several railway stations in Moscow (and later formed the basis of the first generation Express automated control system). The developers of this system received the State Prize of the Armenian SSR in 1974.

References

External links Razdan-2 Razdan-3 Documents in the archive of Academician A.P. Ershov VSU Virtual Museum :: COMPUTER :: Razdan – “Razdan-2” The main technical parameters of the universal digital machine Razdan-3

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Razdan (computer)

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Razdan (computer) claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In computer science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Razdan (computer) before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Razdan (computer) ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Razdan (computer)

In research: Razdan (computer) appears in computer science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Razdan (computer) in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Razdan (computer) is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Computer-related introductions in 1960, Soviet computer systems, Yerevan Computer Research and Development Institute, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Razdan (computer) outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

Affiliate

Preply — study more efficiently by working with a personal tutor. 50% off.

How to study Razdan (computer) in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Razdan (computer) means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Razdan (computer) out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Razdan (computer) in simple terms?

Why does Razdan (computer) matter?

Because it connects several computer science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Razdan (computer)?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Razdan (computer).