science

René Maire

René Maire is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand René Maire rather than just read about it. In short: René Charles Joseph Ernest Maire (French pronunciation: [ʁəne ʃaʁl ʒozɛf ɛʁnɛst mɛʁ]; 29 May 1878, Lons-le-Saunier – 24 November 1949) was a French botanist and mycologist. His major work was the Flore de l'Afrique du Nord in 16 volumes published posthumously in 1953.

Key takeaways

René Maire belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect René Maire to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of René Maire from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

René Charles Joseph Ernest Maire (French pronunciation: [ʁəne ʃaʁl ʒozɛf ɛʁnɛst mɛʁ]; 29 May 1878, Lons-le-Saunier – 24 November 1949) was a French botanist and mycologist. His major work was the Flore de l'Afrique du Nord in 16 volumes published posthumously in 1953. He collected plants from Algeria, Morocco, France, and Mali for the herbarium of the National Botanic Garden of Belgium.

Biography His botanical career began very early. At 18, he penned a work on the local flora of the Haute-Saône, currently on display at the Natural History Museum of Gray. He collected plants for study in Algeria and Morocco between 1902 and 1904. After obtaining his PhD in 1905, he was a professor of botany at the Faculty of Sciences in Algiers starting in 1911 where he specialised in phytopathology. He was put in charge of botanical research by the Moroccan government and was responsible for botanical studies in the Central Sahara. He was a member of a number of institutions, including the Société mycologique de France and the Société d'histoire naturelle de la Moselle based in Metz, which he joined in 1897 at the start of his career. He was the author of numerous works, including important contributions between 1918 and 1931 on the flora of North Africa. Maire issued the exsiccatae Exsiccata Hypodermearum Galliae orientalis 1896 with succeeding series and Mycotheca Boreali-Africana (1912–1919). He ended his career as the Rector of the University of Algiers. His magnum opus was The Flora of North Africa, a 16-volume work published posthumously in 1953.

Named species Among species he named or renamed are:

Amanita codinae (Maire) Singer Argyrocytisus battandieri (Maire) Raynaud Campanula monodiana Maire Gymnopilus sapineus (Fr.) Maire Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca (Wulfen: Fr.) Maire Hygrophorus reai Maire Hypomyces vuilleminianus Maire Laccaria bicolor (Maire) P.D. Orton Lentinellus vulpinus (Fr.) Maire & Kühner Psathyrella candolleana (Fr.) Maire Psathyrella hydrophila (Fr.) Maire Xeromphalina campanella (Bataille: Fr.) Maire & Kühner He also erected the family Paxillaceae, noting its affinities with boletes, in 1902, based on anatomical similarities. This was confirmed many years later by molecular studies firmly placing the genera Paxillus and Gyrodon at the base of the clade containing the members of the genus Boletus.

Legacy The French Academy of Sciences awarded him the Prix Montagne for 1903. Several species were named in his honour, including fungi, such as the beechwood sickener (Russula mairei), Maireella (which is a genus of fungi in the class Dothideomycetes), René Maire's ringless Amanita (Amanita mairei) from Egypt, Clitocybe mairei, Conocybe mairei, Clavicorona mairei, Cortinarius mairei, Galerina mairei, Hemimycena mairei, and Lactarius mairei, among others, as well as some North African plants such as the ornamental grass Atlas fescue (Festuca mairei). The genus Mairetis from the Canary Islands and Morocco, (in the Boraginaceae family) is also named after him.

Species names for Maire typically end in mairei.

See also Category:Taxa named by René Maire

Notes

External links "René Maire 1878-1949: Sa vie et son oeuvre" [René Maire 1878-1949: His Life and Work]. Bulletin de la Société d'histoire naturelle de l'Afrique du Nord (in French). 41 (7-8 [special issue]): 65–113. 1952 – via Real Jardín Botánico, Biblioteca Digital. Maire, Richard (2017). "Le mycologue et botaniste René Maire (1878-1949): Le parcours d'un grand naturaliste dans le contexte de la France coloniale" [Mycologist and botanist René Maire (1878-1949): The journey of a great naturalist in the context of colonial France]. Dynamiques environnementales (in French) (39–40): 202–239. doi:10.4000/dynenviron.511.

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with René Maire

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what René Maire claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to René Maire before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about René Maire ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of René Maire

In research: René Maire appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses René Maire in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: René Maire is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1878 births, 1949 deaths, 20th-century French botanists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for René Maire outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study René Maire in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what René Maire means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain René Maire out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is René Maire in simple terms?

Why does René Maire matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study René Maire?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on René Maire.