science

Retiolitidae

Retiolitidae is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Retiolitidae rather than just read about it. In short: Retiolitidae is an extinct family of graptolites. One subfamily, the Retiolitinae, is characterized by meshwork-like tubaria.

Key takeaways

Retiolitidae belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Retiolitidae to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Retiolitidae from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Retiolitidae is an extinct family of graptolites. One subfamily, the Retiolitinae, is characterized by meshwork-like tubaria.

Genera List of genera from the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology:

Subfamily Petalolithinae

Ancorate taxa †Petalolithus Suess, 1851 †Cephalograptus Hopkinson, 1869 †Dischidiograptus Ni, 1978 †Dimorphograptoides Koren’ & Rickards, 1996 †Dittograptus Obut & Sobolevskaya, 1968 in Obut et al. (1968) †Hercograptus Melchin, 1999 †Pseudorthograptus Legrand, 1987 †Spinadiplograptus Hundt, 1965 †Victorograptus Koren’ & Rickards, 1996

Non-ancorate taxa †Agetograptus Obut & Sobolevskaya in Obut et al., 1968 †Comograptus Obut & Sobolevskaya, 1968 in Obut et al. (1968) †Glyptograptus Lapworth, 1873 †Paramplexograptus Melchin et al., 2011 †Parapetalolithus Koren’ & Rickards, 1996 †Petalograptus Suess, 1851 †Rivagraptus Koren’ & Rickards, 1996 †Sudburigraptus Koren’ & Rickards, 1996

Subfamily Retiolitinae †Retiolites Barrande, 1850 †Aeroretiolites Melchin et al, 2017 †Baculograptus Lenz & Kozłowska-Dawidziuk, 2002 †Cometograptus Kozłowska-Dawidziuk, 2001 †Dabashanograptus Ge, 1990 †Doliograptus Lenz & Kozłowska-Dawidziuk, 2002 †Eiseligraptus Hundt, 1965 †Eisenackograptus Kozłowska-Dawidziuk, 1990 †Eorograptus Sennikov, 1984 †Giganteograptus Lenz & Kozłowska, 2007 †Gothograptus Frech, 1897 †Hoffmanigraptus Kozłowska, 2021 †Holoretiolites Eisenack, 1951 †Kirkigraptus Kozłowska & Bates, 2008 †Neogothograptus Kozłowska-Dawidziuk, 1995 †Papiliograptus Lenz & Kozłowska, 2002 †Paraplectograptus Přibyl, 1948a †Pileograptus Lenz & Kozłowska, 2007 †Plectodinemagraptus Kozłowska-Dawidziuk, 1995 †Plectograptus Moberg & Törnquist, 1909 †Pseudoplegmatograptus Přibyl, 1948b †Pseudoretiolites Bouček & Münch, 1944 †Reticuloplectograptus Kozłowska, Bates & Piras, 2010 †Rotaretiolites Bates & Kirk, 1992 †Sagenograptoides Lenz & Kozłowska, 2010 †Semigothograptus Kozłowska, 2016 †Semiplectograptus Kozłowska-Dawidziuk, 1995 †Sokolovograptus Obut & Zaslavskaya, 1976 †Spinograptus Bouček & Münch, 1952 †Stomatograptus Tullberg, 1883 †Valentinagraptus Piras, 2006 †Virgellograptus Kozłowska, 2015

Uncertain genera †Demicystograptus Hundt, 1950 †Mirorgraptus Lenz & Kozłowska, 2007 †Neoglyptograptus Rickards et al, 1995 †Parademicystograptus Hundt, 1950 †Thecocystograptus Hundt, 1950

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Retiolitidae

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Retiolitidae claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Retiolitidae before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Retiolitidae ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Retiolitidae

In research: Retiolitidae appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Retiolitidae in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Retiolitidae is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Graptoloidea, Hemichordate stubs, Prehistoric hemichordate families, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Retiolitidae outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Retiolitidae in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Retiolitidae means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Retiolitidae out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Retiolitidae in simple terms?

Retiolitidae is an extinct family of graptolites. One subfamily, the Retiolitinae, is characterized by meshwork-like tubaria.

Why does Retiolitidae matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Retiolitidae?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Retiolitidae.