astronomy

Roelof Kruisinga

Roelof Kruisinga is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Roelof Kruisinga rather than just read about it. In short: Roelof Johannes Hendrik Kruisinga (27 August 1922 – 7 December 2012) was a Dutch politician of the defunct Christian Historical Union (CHU) party and later the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) party and physician. Kruisinga attended a Gymnasium in Zutphen from June 1935 until June 1939 and applied at the University of Groningen in June 1941 majoring in Medicine.

Key takeaways

Roelof Kruisinga belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Roelof Kruisinga to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Roelof Kruisinga from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Roelof Johannes Hendrik Kruisinga (27 August 1922 – 7 December 2012) was a Dutch politician of the defunct Christian Historical Union (CHU) party and later the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) party and physician. Kruisinga attended a Gymnasium in Zutphen from June 1935 until June 1939 and applied at the University of Groningen in June 1941 majoring in Medicine. In May 1942 Kruisinga was arrested by the Sicherheitsdienst (SD) and detained in the Kamp Sint-Michielsgestel and was released in July 1944. Following the end of World War II Kruisinga returned to the University of Groningen and obtaining a Bachelor of Medical Sciences degree in June 1946 and worked as a student researcher before graduating with a Master of Medicine degree on 12 October 1950. Kruisinga worked as a medical researcher of otorhinolaryngology at the University Medical Center Groningen from January 1950 until November 1955. Kruisinga was conscripted in the Royal Netherlands Army serving as a Sergeant from November 1951 until November 1953. Kruisinga applied at the University of Aberdeen in Aberdeen in August 1951 for a postgraduate education in Surgery and before transferring to the Magdalen College of the University of Oxford in Oxford in May 1952 graduating with a Master of Surgery in September 1953 and later returned to the University of Groningen and got doctorates as a Doctor of Medicine and a Doctor of Philosophy (MD–PhD) on 2 November 1955. Kruisinga worked as an otolaryngologist and internist physician at the University Medical Center Groningen and the Medical Center Leeuwarden from January 1955 until 1 September 1962 and worked as an inspector for the Health Care Inspectorate of the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health in Friesland from 1 April 1960 until 1 September 1962. Kruisinga worked as a civil servant for the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health from 1 September 1962 until 18 April 1967 as Deputy Secretary-General of the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health and Director-General of the department for Public Health of the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health from 1 September 1962 until 1 June 1965 and as Secretary-General of the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health from 1 June 1965 until 18 April 1967. After the election of 1967 Kruisinga was appointed as State Secretary for Social Affairs and Health in the Cabinet De Jong, taking office on 18 April 1967. After the election of 1971 Kruisinga was elected as a Member of the House of Representatives, taking office on 11 May 1971. After the election of 1971 the Leader of the Christian Historical Union and Parliamentary leader of the Christian Historical Union in the House of Representatives Bé Udink was appointed as Minister of Housing and Spatial Planning in the Cabinet Biesheuvel I, the Christian Historical Union leadership approached Kruisinga as interim Parliamentary leader, taking office on 6 July 1971 until Jur Mellema was approached as the new Leader and Parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives on 26 July 1971. Following cabinet formation of 1971 Kruisinga himself was appointed as State Secretary for Transport and Water Management in the Cabinet Biesheuvel I, taking office on 28 July 1971. The Cabinet Biesheuvel I fell just one year later on 19 July 1972 after the Democratic Socialists '70 (DS'70) retracted their support following there dissatisfaction with the proposed budget memorandum to further reduce the deficit and continued to serve in a demissionary capacity until the first cabinet formation of 1972 when it was replaced by the caretaker Cabinet Biesheuvel II with Kruisinga continuing as State Secretary for Transport and Water Management, taking office on 9 August 1972. After the election of 1972 Kruisinga returned as a Member of the House of Representatives, taking office on 19 December 1972 but he was still serving in the cabinet and because of dualism customs in the constitutional convention of Dutch politics he couldn't serve a dual mandate he subsequently resigned as State Secretary on 20 March 1973. In June 1973 Arnold Tilanus announced he was stepping down as Leader and Parliamentary leader, the Christian Historical Union leadership approached Kruisinga as his successor, Kruisinga accepted and became the Leader and Parliamentary leader, taking office on 1 July 1973. On 10 December 1976 the Christian Historical Union, the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) and the Catholic People's Party (KVP) choose to merge in a political alliance to form the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA). Incumbent Deputy Prime Minister Dries van Agt of the Catholic People's Party was choose as the first Leader of the Christian Democratic Appeal and became the Lijsttrekker for the election of 1977. The following cabinet formation of 1977 resulted in a coalition agreement between the Christian Democratic Appeal and the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) which formed the Cabinet Van Agt-Wiegel with Kruisinga was appointed as Minister of Defence, taking office on 19 December 1977. On 4 March 1978 just three months after taking office Kruisinga resigned after he disagreed with the cabinets decision to not publicly condemn the United States for further developing the Neutron bomb. Kruisinga semi-retired from national politics and became active in the public sector and served as a Senior Adviser to the World Health Organization (WHO) from 16 August 1978 until 1 June 1979 when he was nominated as Deputy Director–General of the World Health Organization and Vice President of the World Health Assembly, serving until 20 May 1982. Kruisinga was elected as a Member of the Senate following the Senate election of 1981, serving from 10 June 1981 until 11 June 1991. Following the end of his active political career, Kruisinga occupied numerous seats as a nonprofit director for supervisory boards for several international non-governmental organizations and research institutes (Netherlands Cancer Institute, Netherlands Red Cross, Foundation KiKa, Stichting Max Havelaar, Society for the Advancement of Science, Medicine and Surgery and the Royal Dutch Medical Association).

Biography

Early life Kruisinga was born in Grijpskerk. His family were Mennonites, but Kruisinga decided not to be baptized and to become a member of the Dutch Reformed Church. As a physician he specialised in otolaryngology and he received his doctorate at the University of Groningen in 1955.

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Roelof Kruisinga

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Roelof Kruisinga claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Roelof Kruisinga before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Roelof Kruisinga ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Roelof Kruisinga

In research: Roelof Kruisinga appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Roelof Kruisinga in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Roelof Kruisinga is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1922 births, 2012 deaths, 20th-century Dutch civil servants, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Roelof Kruisinga outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Roelof Kruisinga in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Roelof Kruisinga means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Roelof Kruisinga out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Roelof Kruisinga in simple terms?

Why does Roelof Kruisinga matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Roelof Kruisinga?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Roelof Kruisinga.