biology

Roger Arliner Young

Roger Arliner Young is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Roger Arliner Young rather than just read about it. In short: Roger Arliner Young (August 20, 1899 – November 9, 1964) was an American scientist of zoology, biology, and marine biology. She was the first African American woman to receive a doctorate degree in zoology.

Key takeaways

Roger Arliner Young belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Roger Arliner Young to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Roger Arliner Young from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Roger Arliner Young (August 20, 1899 – November 9, 1964) was an American scientist of zoology, biology, and marine biology. She was the first African American woman to receive a doctorate degree in zoology.

Early years Born in Clifton Forge, Virginia in 1899, Young soon moved with her family to Burgettstown, Pennsylvania where she graduated from Burgettstown High School. Her father labored as a coal miner, and her mother initially worked as a housekeeper before disability left her unable to work. The family was poor and most of the time resources were expended in the care of her disabled mother.

Education In 1916, Young enrolled at Howard University in Washington, D.C. to study music. She wrote in the yearbook: "Not failure, but low aim is a crime." She did not take her first science course until 1921. Though her grades were poor at the beginning of her college career, some of her teachers saw promise in her. One such teacher was Ernest Everett Just, a prominent black biologist and head of the Zoology department at Howard University. Young graduated with a bachelor's degree in 1923. Just tried unsuccessfully to help her to gain funding for graduate school, but in 1924 Young began studying for her master's degree at the University of Chicago, which she received in 1926. Young worked with Just for many years, teaching as an assistant professor at Howard University, from 1923 to 1935. Research was done during the summers. Young assisted Just in his research from 1927 through 1930, but although her assistance was noted in his grant applications, her name does not appear as a coauthor in the resulting publications. While studying at Chicago, she was asked to join Sigma Xi, a scientific research society, which was an unusual honor for a master's student. Young was the first Black woman admitted to Sigma Xi. During the time she was concurrently studying for her master's degree, Young conducted research which led to the 1924 her publication, "On the excretory apparatus in Paramecium" which was published in the "Discussion and Correspondence" section of the prestigious journal Science. Young was the sole author on the research article, making her the first African American woman to obtain a professional publication on original research in this field. This publication was revered by leading researchers of the time in the zoology field and was an international success, symbolizing the impact of Young's scientific achievements early in her career. For this research, Just praised her as a “real genius in zoology”. He also said that Young eclipsed him in “technical excellence”.

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Roger Arliner Young

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Roger Arliner Young claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Roger Arliner Young before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Roger Arliner Young ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Roger Arliner Young

In research: Roger Arliner Young appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Roger Arliner Young in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Roger Arliner Young is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1890s births, 1964 deaths, 20th-century African-American academics, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Roger Arliner Young outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Roger Arliner Young in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Roger Arliner Young means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Roger Arliner Young out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Roger Arliner Young in simple terms?

Why does Roger Arliner Young matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Roger Arliner Young?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Roger Arliner Young.