engineering

Roland Duer Irving

Roland Duer Irving is a engineering topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Roland Duer Irving rather than just read about it. In short: Roland Duer Irving (April 27, 1847 – May 30, 1888) was an American geologist. He was born in New York city and graduated from Columbia College School of Mines in 1869 as a mining engineer.

Key takeaways

Roland Duer Irving belongs to engineering; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Roland Duer Irving to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Roland Duer Irving from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Roland Duer Irving (April 27, 1847 – May 30, 1888) was an American geologist. He was born in New York city and graduated from Columbia College School of Mines in 1869 as a mining engineer. In 1879, he received his PhD, also from Columbia. Soon after his graduation he became assistant on the Ohio geological survey, and in 1870 was elected professor of geology, mining, and metallurgy at the University of Wisconsin. In 1879 the title of his chair was changed to that of geology and mineralogy. He became assistant state geologist of Wisconsin in 1877, and continued as such until 1879. From 1880 to 1882 he was one of the United States census experts, and in 1882 was made geologist in charge of the Lake Superior division of the United States Geological Survey. His specialty was the micro-petrography of the fragmental rocks and crystalline schists, and pre-Cambrian stratigraphy and the genesis of some of the so-called crystalline rocks. He is considered one of the pioneers of petrography in the United States. Irving was eulogized by United States Geological Survey Director John Wesley Powell as part of the 1889 annual report to the Secretary of the Interior. He was the father of John Duer Irving, another noted geologist and editor of the journal Economic Geology from 1905 to 1918.

Publications "Geology of Central Wisconsin" Wisconsin Geological Survey (1877) "Geology of the Lake Superior Region" Wisconsin Geological Survey (1880) "Crystalline Rocks of the Wisconsin Valley" Wisconsin Geological Survey (1882) Geology of Wisconsin. Survey of 1873–1879, Volume IV. pp. 628–714 "Mineralogy and Lithology of Wisconsin" Wisconsin Geological Survey (1888) "The Copper-Bearing Rocks of Lake Superior" US Geological Survey Monograph No. 5 (1888) "On Secondary Enlargements of Mineral Fragments in Certain Rocks" US Geological Survey Bulletin No. 8 (1884) "The Archaen Formations of the Northwestern States" US Geological Survey Bulletin No. 86 (1885) Observations on the Junction Between the Eastern Sandstone and the Keweenaw Series on Keweenaw ... with Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin. US Geological Survey Bulletin No. 23 (1885) "The Classification of the Early Cambrian and Pre-Cambrian Formations" US Geological Survey (1886) The Greenstone Schist Areas of the Menominee and Marquette Regions of Michigan: A Contribution ... with George Huntington Williams. US Geological Survey Bulletin No. 62 (1890)

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Roland Duer Irving

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Roland Duer Irving claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In engineering, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Roland Duer Irving before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Roland Duer Irving ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Roland Duer Irving

In research: Roland Duer Irving appears in engineering research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Roland Duer Irving in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Roland Duer Irving is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1847 births, 1888 deaths, 19th-century American engineers, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Roland Duer Irving outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

Ask Teacher Smith questions about this articleOpens your AI tutor with a question about “Roland Duer Irving” →

Affiliate

Preply — study more efficiently by working with a personal tutor. 50% off.

How to study Roland Duer Irving in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Roland Duer Irving means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Roland Duer Irving out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Roland Duer Irving in simple terms?

Roland Duer Irving (April 27, 1847 – May 30, 1888) was an American geologist. He was born in New York city and graduated from Columbia College School of Mines in 1869 as a mining engineer.

Why does Roland Duer Irving matter?

Because it connects several engineering ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Roland Duer Irving?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Roland Duer Irving.