SN 2022esa (also known as ATLAS22iyt) is a peculiar Type Ic supernova with circumstellar material (Ic-CSM) that was discovered in galaxy LEDA 987574 (2MFGC 13525) located approximately 320 million light-years away in the constellation of Ursa Major. It is notable for its association with the explosion of a massive Wolf–Rayet star in a binary system and is a potential candidate for a binary black hole system. Observations suggest it provides evidence that the collapse of some massive stars can produce supernovae rather than as a failed supernova with direct black hole formation.
Observation Follow-up observations were conducted using the Seimei telescope in Okayama, Japan, and the Subaru telescope at Mauna Kea, Hawaii. These multi-epoch photometric and spectroscopic data spanned over 400 days. Spectra revealed late-time emergence of narrow emission lines from oxygen and other intermediate-mass elements formed in the star's core, characteristic of interaction between supernova ejecta and oxygen-rich circumstellar material (CSM). This firmly places it in the rare Type Ic-CSM subclass. The progenitor is proposed to be a massive Wolf–Rayet (WR) star in a binary system (WR–WR or WR–black hole). In either case, the system is viewed as a potential candidate for a binary black hole system.
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