engineering

Sabiha Gürayman

Sabiha Gürayman is a engineering topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Sabiha Gürayman rather than just read about it. In short: Sabiha Rıfat (Ecebilge) Gürayman (1910 – 4 January 2003) was a Turkish construction engineer and volleyball player. As Turkey's first female civil engineer, she served as chief engineer for 10 years at the construction of Anıtkabir, the mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founder and first president of Turkey.

Key takeaways

Sabiha Gürayman belongs to engineering; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Sabiha Gürayman to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Sabiha Gürayman from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Sabiha Rıfat (Ecebilge) Gürayman (1910 – 4 January 2003) was a Turkish construction engineer and volleyball player. As Turkey's first female civil engineer, she served as chief engineer for 10 years at the construction of Anıtkabir, the mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founder and first president of Turkey. She was the first female volleyball player of Fenerbahçe SK, and the first Turkish woman to engage in the game of volleyball.

Early life and education Sabiha Rıfat Ecebilge was born in 1910 in Manastır, Ottoman Empire (present-day Bitola, North Macedonia). She studied at Beşiktaş Esma Sultan Primary School. In 1925, she finished Nişantaşı Girls' Middle School; then continued to Istanbul Girls' High School. In 1927, she entered the Higher Engineer's School (present-day Istanbul Technical University). She was the first female student to attend that school. She and another female student called Melek graduated in 1933. Sabiha Rıfat was involved in volleyball in university years, and was the captain of Fenerbahçe's volleyball team (1928 or 1929). She was nicknamed "Uçan Parmaklar" (Flying Fingers) by the team's fans.

Career

She began her career at the Ankara Public Works Directorate, then the Ministry of Public Works. In 1933–1934, she designed two secondary schools in Erzurumçeşmesi and Kabaküllük districts of Ankara and took part in the construction of government buildings, and the official construction of Anitkabir and the Turkish Grand National Assembly (TBMM). A photograph of Anıtkabir's headquarters in the Hürriyet Tower is exhibited during construction. The bridge was called "Girls' Bridge" by local people because of the construction of "Kemer Bridge" in the Beypazarı district of Ankara. She often wore trousers on site which was unusual. In 1941, she was chief of the Coordination Office and the control chief of the construction of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. When Ekrem Demirtaş, the supervisor of the construction of Anıtkabir, resigned on 29 December 1945, she took on the role for the next decade until the end of the construction. She always appeared before the visitors to the construction site as the person in charge. A woman engineer running the construction of Anıtkabir aroused interest in the world; Greek Prime Minister Sofoklis Venizelos commented "For the first time in my life, I see a woman in charge of such a significant work. I congratulate you." She retired in 1963.

Personal life In 1939 she married Remzi Gürayman, a graduate engineer who had been a fellow student. She then used the surname Gürayman. The couple had no children. Gürayman moved to Izmir from Istanbul after her husband died in 1993 and settled with her niece Beyhan Susup. Sabiha Gürayman died on 4 January 2003 in İzmir and was buried in Doğançay Cemetery. She left money for scholarships at Istanbul Technical University Foundation and the Fevzi Akkaya Foundation for Basic Education.

References

This article incorporates text available under the CC BY-SA 3.0 license.

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Sabiha Gürayman

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Sabiha Gürayman claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In engineering, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Sabiha Gürayman before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Sabiha Gürayman ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Sabiha Gürayman

In research: Sabiha Gürayman appears in engineering research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Sabiha Gürayman in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Sabiha Gürayman is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1910 births, 2003 deaths, 20th-century women engineers, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Sabiha Gürayman outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Sabiha Gürayman in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Sabiha Gürayman means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Sabiha Gürayman out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Sabiha Gürayman in simple terms?

Why does Sabiha Gürayman matter?

Because it connects several engineering ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Sabiha Gürayman?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Sabiha Gürayman.