science

Saint Andrew (research vessel)

Saint Andrew (research vessel) is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Saint Andrew (research vessel) rather than just read about it. In short: Saint Andrew (Russian: Андрей Первозванный) was the first purpose-built research vessel of the Russian Empire, and one of the world's first fisheries science vessels. In the late 19th century, those Russian leaders concerned with the welfare of the Pomors (settlers of the Russian north, particularly on the White Sea coast) became convinced of the need to provide more scientific support for the area's fishing industr…

Key takeaways

Saint Andrew (research vessel) belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Saint Andrew (research vessel) to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Saint Andrew (research vessel) from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Saint Andrew (Russian: Андрей Первозванный) was the first purpose-built research vessel of the Russian Empire, and one of the world's first fisheries science vessels. In the late 19th century, those Russian leaders concerned with the welfare of the Pomors (settlers of the Russian north, particularly on the White Sea coast) became convinced of the need to provide more scientific support for the area's fishing industry (a major activity for the Pomors). Accordingly, with the assent of Finance Minister Sergei Witte, Saint Andrew was commissioned. Formally, construction of the ship was funded by the "Aid Committee For The Settlers Of The Russian North", but actually the construction was paid for out of the imperial treasury. Saint Andrew was built to specifications developed by fisheries science pioneer Nikolai Knipovich, in the German Bremer Vulkan shipyard. It was designed as a yacht, but with a stern rigged for trawling. Construction began in 1897 and the ship was launched in 1899. (Expeditions began before that, in 1898, using the small sailing vessel Pomor, which had been purchased in Norway.) Until 1907, Saint Andrew was an expedition vessel for field expeditions of the Murman Scientific Fisheries Expedition, based in Aleksandrovsk-on-Murman (now Polyarny) near Murmansk. The expeditions were led by Nikolai Knipovich (and later Leonid L. Breytfus). Research carried out on this vessel was the beginning of commercial oceanography.

From the beginning of its voyages, Vasily N. Chichagov (a descendant of the noble Chichagov family and a seaman and student of hydrography from the Saint Petersburg Yacht Club) was a member of expeditions, serving as captain of Saint Andrew from 1903 to 1907. (After Saint Andrew was sold, Chichagov worked for the Directorate of Lighthouses and Navigation in the White Sea.) In 1906 the Murman Scientific Fisheries Expedition lost its financial support (there had been some earlier government dissatisfaction with what was perceived as over-emphasis on pure science as opposed to immediately practical research) and soon shut down. In 1907 Saint Andrew was transferred to the Russian Navy. In 1910, the ship was renamed Murman.

References

Balabin, V. V.; Krasnov, V. N. (2005). История научно-исследовательского флота Российской академии наук [History of the Research Fleet of the Russian Academy of Science]. Moscow (8, 45, 4 Russian State Archive of the Navy (Facility P-2192, Inventory 2, Case 5389)): Institute of History of Science and Technology, S. I. Vavilov Institute. p. 264.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link) (in Russian)

Notes

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Saint Andrew (research vessel)

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Saint Andrew (research vessel) claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Saint Andrew (research vessel) before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Saint Andrew (research vessel) ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Saint Andrew (research vessel)

In research: Saint Andrew (research vessel) appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Saint Andrew (research vessel) in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Saint Andrew (research vessel) is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1899 ships, Fisheries science, Research vessels of Russia, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Saint Andrew (research vessel) outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Saint Andrew (research vessel) in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Saint Andrew (research vessel) means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Saint Andrew (research vessel) out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Saint Andrew (research vessel) in simple terms?

Why does Saint Andrew (research vessel) matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Saint Andrew (research vessel)?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Saint Andrew (research vessel).