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Sakuma–Hattori equation

Sakuma–Hattori equation is a mathematics topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Sakuma–Hattori equation rather than just read about it. In short: In physics, the Sakuma–Hattori equation is a mathematical model for predicting the amount of thermal radiation, radiometric flux or radiometric power emitted from a perfect blackbody or received by a thermal radiation detector. History The Sakuma–Hattori equation was first proposed by Fumihiro Sakuma, Akira Ono and Susumu Hattori in 1982.

Key takeaways

  • Sakuma–Hattori equation belongs to mathematics; place it in that map before memorising details.
  • Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
  • Connect Sakuma–Hattori equation to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
  • Reproduce the core statement of Sakuma–Hattori equation from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

In physics, the Sakuma–Hattori equation is a mathematical model for predicting the amount of thermal radiation, radiometric flux or radiometric power emitted from a perfect blackbody or received by a thermal radiation detector.

History The Sakuma–Hattori equation was first proposed by Fumihiro Sakuma, Akira Ono and Susumu Hattori in 1982. In 1996, a study investigated the usefulness of various forms of the Sakuma–Hattori equation. This study showed the Planckian form to provide the best fit for most applications. This study was done for 10 different forms of the Sakuma–Hattori equation containing not more than three fitting variables. In 2008, BIPM CCT-WG5 recommended its use for radiation thermometry measurement uncertainty budgets below 960 °C.

General form The Sakuma–Hattori equation gives the electromagnetic signal from thermal radiation based on an object's temperature. The signal can be electromagnetic flux or signal produced by a detector measuring this radiation. It has been suggested that below the silver point, a method using the Sakuma–Hattori equation be used. In its general form it looks like

S ( T ) = C exp ⁡ ( c 2 λ x T ) − 1 , {\displaystyle S(T)={\frac {C}{\exp \left({\frac {c_{2}}{\lambda _{x}T}}\right)-1}},}

where:

S(T) is the temperature dependent electromagnetic signal output of a radiation thermometer (units depend on the instrument but typically V or mV)

C {\displaystyle C} is the scalar coefficient

c 2 = h c / k B {\displaystyle c_{2}=hc/k_{\text{B}}} is the second radiation constant (0.014387752 m⋅K)

λ x {\displaystyle \lambda _{x}} is the temperature-dependent effective wavelength (in meters)

T {\displaystyle T} is the absolute temperature (in K)

Planckian form

Derivation The Planckian form is realized by the following substitution:

λ x = A + B T {\displaystyle \lambda _{x}=A+{\frac {B}{T}}}

Making this substitution renders the following the Sakuma–Hattori equation in the Planckian form.

Sakuma–Hattori equation (Planckian form)

S ( T ) = C exp ⁡ ( c 2 A T + B ) − 1 {\displaystyle S(T)={\frac {C}{\exp \left({\frac {c_{2}}{AT+B}}\right)-1}}}

Inverse equation

T = c 2 A ln ⁡ ( C S + 1 ) − B A {\displaystyle T={\frac {c_{2}}{A\ln \left({\frac {C}{S}}+1\right)}}-{\frac {B}{A}}}

First derivative

d S d T = [ S ( T ) ] 2 A c 2 C ( A T + B ) 2 exp ⁡ ( c 2 A T + B ) {\displaystyle {\frac {dS}{dT}}=\left[S(T)\right]^{2}{\frac {Ac_{2}}{C\left(AT+B\right)^{2}}}\exp \left({\frac {c_{2}}{AT+B}}\right)}

Discussion The Planckian form is recommended for use in calculating uncertainty budgets for radiation thermometry and infrared thermometry. It is also recommended for use in calibration of radiation thermometers below the silver point. The Planckian form resembles Planck's law.

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Sakuma–Hattori equation

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Sakuma–Hattori equation claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In mathematics, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Sakuma–Hattori equation before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Sakuma–Hattori equation ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Sakuma–Hattori equation

In research
Sakuma–Hattori equation appears in mathematics research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry
Engineering practice reuses Sakuma–Hattori equation in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom
Sakuma–Hattori equation is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1982 in science, Equations, Statistical mechanics, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life
Look for Sakuma–Hattori equation outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.
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How to study Sakuma–Hattori equation in 20 minutes

  1. Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
  2. Close the page and write down what Sakuma–Hattori equation means in your own words.
  3. Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
  4. Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
  5. Explain Sakuma–Hattori equation out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Sakuma–Hattori equation in simple terms?

In physics, the Sakuma–Hattori equation is a mathematical model for predicting the amount of thermal radiation, radiometric flux or radiometric power emitted from a perfect blackbody or received by a thermal radiation detector. History The Sakuma–Hattori equation was first proposed by Fumihiro Saku…

Why does Sakuma–Hattori equation matter?

Because it connects several mathematics ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Sakuma–Hattori equation?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Sakuma–Hattori equation.

Tags

  • 1982 in science
  • Equations
  • Statistical mechanics

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