science

Salt and Sauce

Salt and Sauce is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Salt and Sauce rather than just read about it. In short: Salt (c. 1900-1952) and Sauce (c. 1900-1960) were once two of Britain's most famous and notorious performing elephants (various sources including "The English Circus and Fair Ground" by Sir Garrard Tywhitt-Drake). They were part of a four-piece elephant troupe, Lockhart's Cruet, with two other elephants, Pepper and Mustard.

Key takeaways

Salt and Sauce belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Salt and Sauce to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Salt and Sauce from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Salt (c. 1900-1952) and Sauce (c. 1900-1960) were once two of Britain's most famous and notorious performing elephants (various sources including "The English Circus and Fair Ground" by Sir Garrard Tywhitt-Drake). They were part of a four-piece elephant troupe, Lockhart's Cruet, with two other elephants, Pepper and Mustard.

Career Salt and Sauce were owned and presented by some of the most famous show business people of their era. Their owners included Carl Hagenbeck, George William Lockhart, Herbet "Captain Joe" Taylor, John "Broncho Bill" Swallow, Dudley Zoo, Tom Fossett, Dennis Fossett, Harry Coady and Billy Butlin. Their presenters included Ivor Rosaire and Emily Paulo. Formerly members and believed to be the longest surviving members of George William Lockhart's "Cruet", they were featured in various books, newspapers and magazines in their day, and are the focus of a book, The Legend of Salt and Sauce. The elephants were famed for their vast array of tricks, but also feared for their temperamental moods. Sauce (known as "Saucy" most of the time) killed George William Lockhart (her owner and trainer) in an accident at Walthamstow Station and Salt killed William Aslett (an elephant groom) when she attacked him in 1957 on Rosaire's Circus.

Deaths Despite Salt suffering dropsy symptoms that had already killed two other members of "The Cruet" she went on to live for five decades. Her death was well documented in the Cambridge local press (source: The Legend of Salt and Sauce) when she accidentally got stuck in Vauxhall Lake in Sturry, Canterbury, Kent, whilst touring with Ringland's Circus in 1952. After seven hours and with the aid of a crane she was freed from the lake, but suffered from pneumonia and died after a week. According to the local press over a hundred wreaths were left for her at the circus. It was predicted that her lifelong companion, Sauce, would die soon afterwards (source: Salt and Sauce were Separated by John D. Swallow), but she lived until 1960, dying from "natural causes".

Media featuring Salt and Sauce Salt and Sauce were booked on numerous famous British circuses (source: "World's Fair", "King Pole" magazine, various programmes, "The Victorian Arena" by John Turner and "The Legend of Salt and Sauce" by Jamie Clubb). Confirmed buildings they worked in included The Lyceum, Norwich Hippodrome, Blackpool Tower, Great Yarmouth Hippodrome and World's Fair Islington. Circuses included Tom Sylvester's, Bertram Mills' Circus, Billy Smart, Sr.'s Circus, Broncho Bill's Circus, Rosaire's Circus, Paulo's Circus, Ringland's Circus and Cody's Circus (Sauce only) among many others. According to an article written in the "World's Fair" newspaper, the two elephants were also featured in the film Elephant Boy.

Books featuring Salt and Sauce Grey Titan: The Book of Elephants, W. Bosworth and G. Lockhart, 1938 The English Circus and Fair Ground, Sir Garrard Tyrwhitt-Drake, 1946 The English Circus, Ruth Manning-Sanders, 1952 The Circus Has No Home, Rupert Croft-Cooke Fairs and Circuses in the Black Country, Ned Williams The Victorian Arena: The Performers Volumes 1 and 2, John Turner, 1995 and 2000 respectively The Legend of Salt and Sauce, Jamie Clubb

See also Samuel Lockhart, Victorian elephant trainer List of individual elephants

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Salt and Sauce

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Salt and Sauce claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Salt and Sauce before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Salt and Sauce ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Salt and Sauce

In research: Salt and Sauce appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Salt and Sauce in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Salt and Sauce is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1900 animal births, 1960 animal deaths, Animal duos, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Salt and Sauce outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Salt and Sauce in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Salt and Sauce means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Salt and Sauce out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Salt and Sauce in simple terms?

Why does Salt and Sauce matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Salt and Sauce?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Salt and Sauce.