engineering

San Giovanni in Monte

San Giovanni in Monte is a engineering topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand San Giovanni in Monte rather than just read about it. In short: San Giovanni in Monte is a 15th-century Roman Catholic church in Bologna, Italy. History The current church can be traced back to a round church from the 5th century known as the Monte Oliveto, traditionally said to be founded by Saint Petronius in 433.

Key takeaways

San Giovanni in Monte belongs to engineering; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect San Giovanni in Monte to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of San Giovanni in Monte from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

San Giovanni in Monte is a 15th-century Roman Catholic church in Bologna, Italy.

History The current church can be traced back to a round church from the 5th century known as the Monte Oliveto, traditionally said to be founded by Saint Petronius in 433. The first written mention of the church dates from 1045. In or before 1118, the Canons Regular of the Lateran established a community here, which first restored and enlarged the old church (between ca. 1200 and ca. 1300) and replaced it with a new, late Gothic church (ca. 1450), with a 1474 facade in Renaissance style. The vault was finally finished in 1603. The bell tower is over 40m high. It was finished in the 14th century, with a base dating back to the 13th century. The canons regular were expelled after Napoleon invaded Italy, and some of the artworks from the church were moved to the Louvre. After the defeat of Napoleon, most of the artworks returned, but some were moved to Italian museums instead. In 1824, the floor of the church was replaced; the tombstones that were placed until then in the floor were moved to the walls at that time. On 29 January 1944, the church was badly damaged after a bombing raid, with three chapels destroyed and considerable damage to the portico, the vault, and other chapels. The church was restored between 1947 and 1950.

Artworks

The portico has a large sculpture of an eagle (the symbol of John the Evangelist, patron saint of the church) by Niccolò dell'Arca (ca. 1481). The altar is Pre-Romanesque and Romanesque, with the octagonal columns and the cross dating back to the 11th century and earlier. The Christ on the cross is a 16th-century wooden sculpture. The interior had work by Cima da Conegliano, the Madonna of the Rosary by Domenichino, the Madonna with St. Michael and three other Saints by Pietro Perugino, and The Ecstasy of St. Cecilia by Raphael (the original was commissioned for the San Giovanni in 1513). These pictures were removed during Napoleonic times and can now be found in the Pinacoteca Nazionale di Bologna. In the "Cappella Maggiore" or Major Chapel are a painting by father Petronius Fancelli and son Pietro Fancelli, a crucifix by Jacopino da Bologna from 1361, a painting by Cesare Aretusi and Giovanni Battista Fiorini, and a choir with 53 seats, carved by Paolo Sacca, an artist from Cremona, between 1518 and 1523. Until 1752, it housed a Predella polyptych by Ercole de' Roberti, parts of which are now in Dresden and parts in Liverpool. The sacristy has as altar piece a Saint Patrick by Vincenzo Spisanelli and paintings by Felice Torelli, Ercole Graziani the Younger, Ubaldo Gandolfi and Prospero Fontana. In the chapels around the church are further paintings by mainly Bolognese artists like Lorenzo Costa, Ercole Procaccini the Elder, Giacomo Francia, Bartolomeo Cesi, Benedetto Gennari, Orazio Samacchini, Alessandro Tiarini, Francesco del Cossa, Giovanni Battista Bolognini, Luca Longhi and Pietro Faccini, further works by Spisanelli, 15th-century frescoes by Giovanni da Modena, and a 15th-century Pietà. Chapel XVI contains a Saint Francis of Assisi by Guercino from 1645. Other works of art include the 15th-century stained glass windows designed by Lorenzo Costa and Francesco del Cossa, an altar-piece from the 14th century, and frescoes by the brothers Giulio and Giacomo Raibolini, which were only rediscovered in 1894.

Notes

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with San Giovanni in Monte

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what San Giovanni in Monte claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In engineering, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to San Giovanni in Monte before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about San Giovanni in Monte ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of San Giovanni in Monte

In research: San Giovanni in Monte appears in engineering research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses San Giovanni in Monte in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: San Giovanni in Monte is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 15th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy, Buildings and structures completed in 1450, Churches completed in the 1450s, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for San Giovanni in Monte outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study San Giovanni in Monte in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what San Giovanni in Monte means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain San Giovanni in Monte out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is San Giovanni in Monte in simple terms?

San Giovanni in Monte is a 15th-century Roman Catholic church in Bologna, Italy. History The current church can be traced back to a round church from the 5th century known as the Monte Oliveto, traditionally said to be founded by Saint Petronius in 433.

Why does San Giovanni in Monte matter?

Because it connects several engineering ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study San Giovanni in Monte?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on San Giovanni in Monte.