astronomy

Sandra Schwartz Tangri

Sandra Schwartz Tangri is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Sandra Schwartz Tangri rather than just read about it. In short: Sandra Florence Schwartz Tangri (August 27, 1936 – June 11, 2003) was a feminist psychologist and distinguished university professor of social psychology and the psychology of women. Tangri conducted pioneering research on the lives of women who graduated from college and embarked on careers dominated by men.

Key takeaways

Sandra Schwartz Tangri belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Sandra Schwartz Tangri to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Sandra Schwartz Tangri from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Sandra Florence Schwartz Tangri (August 27, 1936 – June 11, 2003) was a feminist psychologist and distinguished university professor of social psychology and the psychology of women. Tangri conducted pioneering research on the lives of women who graduated from college and embarked on careers dominated by men. She studied women's motivations in choosing a career and their experiences of sexual harassment. Tangri is known for conducting the Women's Life Paths Study, a longitudinal study extending over a period of 25 years that examined the life paths and experiences of the female graduates of the University of Michigan Class of 1967. Besides her scholarly work, Tangri was a political and social activist involved in the gender equality movement in the 1990s.

Biography Sandra Schwartz was born in St. Louis and raised in Los Angeles in a working-class Jewish immigrant family. Her father, Haim Schwartz, was a Yiddish published poet from a town in Belarus. Tangri credited her feminist identity, and the basis for her politics to her father's strong devotion to social justice and her experience growing up in a working-class Jewish family. Tangri attended Los Angeles City College and Reed College. She went on to receive a B.A. in psychology with honors from the University of California, Berkeley. She furthered her education by receiving a M.A in psychology at Wayne State University in 1964, and a Ph.D. in Social Psychology at the University of Michigan in 1969. Her dissertation title "Role-innovation in occupational choice among college women" was a longitudinal study involving 200 women from the University of Michigan Class of 1967. Tangri taught at Douglass College, Rutgers University, and at Richmond College which later merged to form the College of Staten Island. Tangri left academia in 1974 to become Director of the Office of Research at the United States Commission of Civil Rights, where she remained for five years. Tangri was a senior research associate at the Urban Institute from 1982 to 1985. From 1980 until her retirement in 1998, Tangri was a professor of social psychology at Howard University. At Howard University, Tangri's research focused on the educational and work experiences of educated African American women. Tangri's research was funded by the National Institute of Mental Health, the MacArthur Foundation, the National Institute of Education, and the Labor Department. Tangri was a Fulbright fellow to New Zealand in 1991. She was an elected Fellow of the American Psychological Association and served on the Council of the Society for the Psychology of Women. Tangri's marriage to Shanti Tangri ended in divorce. Tangri died on June 11, 2003, in Bethesda, Maryland from lung cancer.

Awards Tangri received the Carolyn Wood Sherif Award for contributions to the Psychology of Women and Gender from Division 35 of the American Psychological Association (Society for the Psychology of Women) in 1999. Tangri received the Distinguished Publication Award from the Association for Women in Psychology for her 1976 article "A feminist perspective on ethical issues in population programs". APA Division 35 (Society for the Psychology of Women) previously awarded the Sandra Schwartz Tangri Memorial Award for Graduate Student Research focusing on issues such as "sexual harassment, discrimination, reproductive rights, concerns of ethnic and sexual minority women and the mentoring of first-generation college students."

Books Mednick, Martha T.S., Sandra S. Tangri, & Lois W. Hoffman, (Eds.) (1975). Women and achievement: Social and motivational analysis. Hemisphere Publishing Corporation.

Representative publications Mednick, Martha Shuch; Tangri, Sandra Schwartz (1972). "New Social Psychological Perspectives on Women". Journal of Social Issues. 28 (2): 1–16. Schwartz, Michael; Tangri, Sandra Schwartz (1965). "A Note on Self-Concept as an Insulator Against Delinquency". American Sociological Review. 30 (6): 922–926. Tangri, Sandra Schwartz (1972). "Determinants of Occupational Role Innovation Among College Women". Journal of Social Issues. 28 (2): 177–199. Tangri, Sandra Schwartz (1976). "A Feminist Perspective on Some Ethical Issues in Population Programs". Signs. 1: 895–904. Tangri, Sandra Schwartz (2001). "Some Life Lessons". Psychology of Women Quarterly. 23: 98–102. Tangri, Sandra Schwartz; Burt, Martha R.; Johnson, Leanor B. (1982). "Sexual Harassment at Work: Three Explanatory Models". Journal of Social Issues. 38 (4): 33–54.

References

External links Sandra Schwartz Tangri profile on Psychology's Feminist Voices

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Sandra Schwartz Tangri

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Sandra Schwartz Tangri claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Sandra Schwartz Tangri before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Sandra Schwartz Tangri ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Sandra Schwartz Tangri

In research: Sandra Schwartz Tangri appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Sandra Schwartz Tangri in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Sandra Schwartz Tangri is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1936 births, 2003 deaths, 20th-century American psychologists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Sandra Schwartz Tangri outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Sandra Schwartz Tangri in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Sandra Schwartz Tangri means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Sandra Schwartz Tangri out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Sandra Schwartz Tangri in simple terms?

Why does Sandra Schwartz Tangri matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Sandra Schwartz Tangri?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Sandra Schwartz Tangri.