Satoshi Kanazawa (born 1962) is an American-born British evolutionary psychologist and writer. He is currently Reader in Management at the London School of Economics. Kanazawa's comments and research on race and intelligence, health and intelligence, multiculturalism, and the relationship between physical attractiveness and intelligence have led to condemnation from observers and colleagues. Critics have described his claims as pseudoscientific and racist. In response to ongoing controversies over his stated views, such as that Sub-Saharan Black African countries suffer from chronic poverty and disease because their people have lower IQs, and that black women are objectively less attractive than women of other races, he was dismissed from writing for Psychology Today, and his employer, the London School of Economics, prohibited him from publishing in non-peer-reviewed outlets for 12 months. A group of 68 evolutionary psychologists issued an open letter titled "Kanazawa's bad science does not represent evolutionary psychology" rejecting his views, and an article on the same theme was published by 35 academics in American Psychologist.
Life and career Kanazawa received his PhD in 1994 from the University of Arizona. Kanazawa began working at the London School of Economics in 2003.
Views, publications and controversies
General Kanazawa has co-written three books with Alan Miller:
Why Beautiful People Have More Daughters: From Dating, Shopping, and Praying to Going to War and Becoming a Billionaire—Two Evolutionary Psychologists Explain Why We Do What We Do Why Men Gamble and Women Buy Shoes: How Evolution Shaped the Way We Behave Order by Accident: The Origins and Consequences of Conformity in Contemporary Japan He also wrote a blog, The Scientific Fundamentalist, for Psychology Today until his dismissal in 2011. In 2003, in an article in the Journal of Research in Personality, he claimed to show that scientists generally made their biggest discoveries before their mid-30s, and compared this productivity curve to that of criminals.
Attractiveness and sex of offspring In 2006, he published an article in the Journal of Theoretical Biology, claiming that attractive people are 26% less likely to have male offspring. In a letter to the editors regarding Kanazawa's claim that attractive people are more likely to have daughters, Columbia statistician Andrew Gelman points out that a correct interpretation of the regression coefficients in Kanazawa's analysis is that attractive people are 8% more likely to have girls, an error that Kanazawa acknowledges. Gelman argues that Kanazawa's analysis does not convincingly show causality, because of possible endogeneity as well as problematic interpretations of statistical significance in multiple comparisons. While Kanazawa claims that the former error is "merely linguistic" and that he addressed the latter two in his initial article, Gelman maintains that his original criticism remains valid.
Race and attractiveness In May 2011, he published an article in Psychology Today that explored why black women had been rated less attractive than women of other races in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Subsequent critical independent analysis of the results showed that the difference in assessed attractiveness held for three of the four data sets in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health and that there was only a statistically significant race difference in younger women and that it disappeared by early adulthood. Applying his same reasoning to males, Kanazawa also concluded in his article that black men would generally be considered more attractive than black women. Kanazawa was also criticised for arguing that the common factor of subjective interviewer ratings of attractiveness used in his analysis constitutes an objective scale of attractiveness. The article caused outrage and was widely criticised. The first criticisms were published in the blogosphere leading to the creation of petitions on Change.org and Facebook to have Kanazawa fired. Some published criticism, including a joint statement issued by a group of evolutionary psychologists, came from other scientists, distancing the discipline of evolutionary psychology from Kanazawa's research. Psychology Today pulled the article; on 27 May 2011, they issued an apology to anyone who had been offended and stated that they had not reviewed Kanazawa's article before its publication and that they would police more strictly for controversial content in the future. In September 2011, Kanazawa apologised to LSE director Judith Rees, saying he "deeply regrets" the "unintended consequences" of the blog and accepting that "some of [his] arguments may have been flawed and not supported by the available evidence". An internal LSE investigation found that Kanazawa had brought the school into disrepute and prohibited him from publishing in non-peer-reviewed outlets for a year. Following the controversy, an open letter was signed by 68 evolutionary psychologists distancing themselves from Kanazawa and defending evolutionary psychology, writing "The principle of applying evolutionary theory to the study of human psychology and behaviour is sound, and there is a great deal of high-quality, nuanced, culturally-sensitive evolutionary research ongoing in the UK and elsewhere today". In response, 23 scientists published a letter in Times Higher Education defending Kanazawa's work.
Correlation of health and intelligence
Kanazawa has used the term Savanna principle to denote his hypothesis that societal difficulties exist because "the human brain" evolved in Africa hundreds of thousands of years ago, a drastically different environment from today's urban, industrial society. In 2006, Kanazawa used this principle to explain the correlation of health and IQ vs. health and wealth. He argued that IQ is a better predictor for health than wealth or inequality in most regions of the world, except in Sub-Saharan Africa, where health is more strongly correlated to wealth than to IQ. He claimed that this was because Sub-Saharan Africa represents an "evolutionarily familiar" environment with lesser selection pressure on IQ than elsewhere. In a criticism of the paper, George Ellison (2007) argued that the conclusion was based on "flawed assumptions, questionable data, inappropriate analysis and biased interpretations".
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