This is a list of scientific phenomena and concepts named after people (eponymous phenomena). For other lists of eponyms, see eponym.
A Abderhalden–Fauser reaction – Emil Abderhalden and August Fauser (1856–1938) Abney effect – William de Wiveleslie Abney Abrikosov lattice – Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov Aharonov–Bohm effect – Yakir Aharonov and David Bohm Alfvén wave – Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén Alhazen's problem – Alhazen Allais effect – Maurice Allais Allee effect – Warder Clyde Allee Amdahl's law, a.k.a. Amdahl's argument – Gene Amdahl Ampère's law – André-Marie Ampère Anderson–Higgs mechanism (a.k.a. Higgs mechanism) – Peter Higgs and Philip Warren Anderson Anderson–Darling test – Theodore Wilbur Anderson and Donald A. Darling Andreev reflection – Alexander F. Andreev Apgar score – Virginia Apgar Arago spot – Dominique François Jean Arago Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction – Aleksandr Erminingeldovich Arbuzov and August Karl Arnold Michaelis Archimedean spiral, Archimedes number – Archimedes Argand diagram – Jean Robert Argand Aristotle's lantern – Aristotle Armstrong limit or Armstrong's line – Harry George Armstrong Armstrong oscillator – Edwin Armstrong Arndt–Eistert synthesis – Fritz Arndt and Bernd Eistert Arndt–Schulz law/principle/rule – Rudolf Arndt and Hugo Paul Friedrich Schulz Arrhenius equation – Svante August Arrhenius Ashkin–Teller model (a.k.a. Potts model) – Julius Ashkin and Edward Teller Asinger reaction – Friedrich Asinger Auger effect (a.k.a. Auger-Meitner effect), electron – Pierre Victor Auger and Lise Meitner Autler–Townes effect – Stanley H. Autler and Charles H. Townes Auwers synthesis – Karl von Auwers Avogadro's law, Avogadro constant, Avogadro number – Count Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo Avogadro di Quaregna e Cerreto
B Baeyer–Drewson indigo synthesis – Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer and Viggo Drewsen Baeyer–Villiger oxidation and Baeyer–Villiger rearrangement – Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer and Victor Villiger Babinet's principle – Jacques Babinet Babler–Dauben oxidation – James Babler and William Garfield Dauben Bagnold number – Ralph Alger Bagnold Baily's beads – Francis Baily Baker–Nathan effect – John William Baker and Wilfred S. Nathan Bakerian mimicry – Herbert G. Baker Baldwin effect (astronomy) – Jack Allen Baldwin Baldwin effect (Baldwinian evolution, Ontogenic evolution) – James Mark Baldwin Baldwin's rules – Jack Edward Baldwin Balmer line, series – Johann Jakob Balmer Bamberger rearrangement – Eugen Bamberger Bamford–Stevens reaction – William Randall Bamford and Thomas Stevens Stevens Barkhausen effect – Heinrich Barkhausen Barnett effect – Samuel Jackson Barnett Barnum effect (a.k.a. Forer effect) – Phineas Taylor Barnum (and Bertram R. Forer) Barton reaction – Derek Harold Richard Barton Barton–McCombie deoxygenation – Derek Harold Richard Barton and Stuart W. McCombie Baskerville effect – the fictional Charles Baskerville of the novel The Hound of the Baskervilles Batesian mimicry – Henry Walter Bates Bauschinger effect – Johann Bauschinger Bayes's theorem – Thomas Bayes Baylis–Hillman reaction – Anthony B. Baylis and Melville E. D. Hillman Bayliss effect – William M. Bayliss BCS superconduction theory – John Bardeen, Leon Cooper, and Robert Schrieffer Beaufort scale (Beaufort wind force scale) – Francis Beaufort Beckmann rearrangement – Ernst Otto Beckmann Beer's law (a.k.a. Beer–Lambert law or Beer–Lambert–Bouguer law) – August Beer (and Johann Heinrich Lambert and Pierre Bouguer) Beilstein's test – Friedrich Konrad Beilstein Bejan number – Adrian Bejan Bekenstein bound – Jacob Bekenstein Bélády's anomaly – László Bélády Bell's inequality – John Stewart Bell Bell number – Eric Temple Bell Belousov–Zhabotinskii reaction – Boris Pavlovich Belousov and Anatol Markovich Zhabotinskii Bénard cell – Henri Bénard Bénard–Marangoni cell/convection (a.k.a. Marangoni convection) – Henri Bénard and Carlo Marangoni Benedict's test – Stanley Rossiter Benedict Benford's law (a.k.a. Newcomb–Benford law) – Frank Albert Benford, Jr. (and Simon Newcomb) Benioff zone – see Wadati–Benioff zone, below Bennett pinch – Willard Harrison Bennett Berezinsky–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition – Veniamin L. Berezinsky, John M. Kosterlitz, and David J. Thouless Bergman cyclization – Robert George Bergman Bergmann's rule – Carl Bergmann (anatomist) Bergmann–Zervas carbobenzoxy method – Max Bergmann and Leonidas Zervas Bernoulli effect, Bernoulli's equation, principle – Daniel Bernoulli Berry's phase – Michael V. Berry Betz limit – Albert Betz Bezold–Brücke shift (a.k.a. von Bezold spreading effect) – Johann Friedrich Wilhelm von Bezold and Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke Biefeld–Brown effect – Paul Alfred Biefeld and Thomas Townsend Brown Biginelli reaction – Pietro Biginelli Biot number – Jean-Baptiste Biot Biot–Savart law – Jean-Baptiste Biot and Félix Savart Birch reduction – Arthur John Birch Birkeland currents – Kristian Birkeland Bischler–Napieralski reaction – August Bischler and Bernard Napieralski Black's equation for electromigration – James R. Black (d. 2004) of Motorola Blandford–Znajek process – Roger D. Blandford and Roman L. Znajek Blasius boundary layer, flow – Paul Richard Heinrich Blasius Blazhko effect – Sergey Blazhko Bloch electrons – Felix Bloch Bloom filter – Burton Howard Bloom Bodenstein number – Max Bodenstein Bohm sheath criterion – David Bohm Bohr effect – Christian Bohr Bohr magneton, model, radius – Niels Bohr Boltzmann constant – Ludwig Boltzmann Bonnor–Ebert mass – William Bowen Bonnor and Rolf Ebert Borel algebra, measure, set, space, summation, Borel's lemma, paradox – Émile Borel Borel–Cantelli lemma – Émile Borel and Francesco Paolo Cantelli Borel–Carathéodory theorem – Émile Borel and Constantin Carathéodory Born–Haber cycle – Max Born and Fritz Haber Born–Oppenheimer approximation – Max Born and Robert Oppenheimer Borodin–Hunsdiecker reaction – Alexander Borodin, Hienz Hunsdiecker, and Clare Hunsdiecker (née Dieckmann) Borrmann effect (a.k.a. Borrmann–Campbell effect) – Gerhard Borrman (and Herbert N. Campbell) Bortle scale – John E. Bortle Bose–Einstein condensate, effect, statistics – Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein Boson – Satyendra Nath Bose Boyer's law – Carl Benjamin Boyer Boyle's law (a.k.a. Boyle–Mariotte law) – Robert Boyle (and Edme Mariotte) Brackett line/series – Frederick Sumner Brackett Bradford's law (of scattering) – Samuel C. Bradford Braess's paradox – Dietrich Braess Bragg angle, Bragg's law, Bragg plane – William Henry Bragg and his son William Lawrence Bragg Bragg diffraction – William Lawrence Bragg Brans–Dicke theory – Carl H. Brans and Robert H. Dicke Bravais lattice – Auguste Bravais Bravais–Miller indices (a.k.a. Miller–Bravais indices) – Auguste Bravais and William Hallowes Miller Brayton cycle – George B. Brayton Bredt's rule – Julius Bredt Breit–Wheeler process – Gregory Breit and John A. Wheeler Brewster's angle, law – David Brewster Brillouin zone – Léon Brillouin Brinkman number – Hendrik C. Brinkman Brook rearrangement – Adrian Gibbs Brook Brooks's law (of software development) – Frederick Phillips Brooks, Jr. Brownian motion & Brown(ian) noise – Robert Brown Bucherer reaction – Hans Theodor Bucherer Büchi automata – Julius Richard Büchi Buckingham π theorem – Edgar Buckingham Burali-Forti paradox – Cesare Burali-Forti Bürgi–Dunitz angle – Hans-Beat Bürgi and Jack David Dunitz
C Cabannes–Daure effect – Jean Cabannes and Pierre Daure Cadiot–Chodkiewicz coupling, reaction – Paul Cadiot and Wladyslav Chodkiewicz Callendar effect – Guy Stewart Callendar Callippic cycle – Callippus of Cyzicus Calvin cycle (a.k.a. Calvin–Benson cycle) – Melvin Calvin (and Andy Benson) Cannizzaro reaction – Stanislao Cannizzaro Cardan angles (a.k.a. Tait–Bryan angles) – Gerolamo Cardano Carnot cycle, number – Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot Carpenter effect (a.k.a. Ideomotor effect) – William Benjamin Carpenter Cartan–Kähler theorem – Élie Cartan, Erich Kähler Casimir effect – Hendrik Casimir Catalan's conjecture (a.k.a. Mihăilescu's theorem), Catalan numbers – Eugène Charles Catalan Cauchy number (a.k.a. Hooke number) – Augustin-Louis Cauchy Cauchy–Kovalevskaya theorem – Augustin-Louis Cauchy, Sofia Kovalevskaya Cauer filter – Wilhelm Cauer Chandler wobble – Seth Carlo Chandler Chandrasekhar limit, number – Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar Chang–Refsdal lens – Kyongae Chang and Sjur Refsdal Chaplygin gas – Sergey Alexeyevich Chaplygin Charles's law – Jacques Charles Chebyshev distance, equation, filter, linkage, polynomials – Pafnuty Chebyshev Chebyshev's inequality (a.k.a. Bienaymé–Chebyshev inequality) – Pafnuty Chebyshev (and Irénée-Jules Bienaymé) Cherenkov radiation (a.k.a. Cherenkov–Vavilov radiation) – Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov (and Sergey Ivanovich Vavilov) Chichibabin reaction – Alexei Yevgenievich Chichibabin Christiansen effect – Christian Christiansen Christoffel symbol – Elwin Bruno Christoffel Christofilos effect – Nicholas Christofilos Chugaev elimination/reaction, reagent – Lev Aleksandrovich Chugaev Chwolson ring or Chwolson–Einstein ring – Orest Khvolson (and Albert Einstein) Clairaut's relation, theorem – Alexis Claude Clairaut Claisen condensation, rearrangement – Rainer Ludwig Claisen Claisen–Schmidt condensation – Rainer Ludwig Claisen and J. Gustav Schmidt Clapp oscillator – James K. Clapp Clarke orbit – Arthur C. Clarke Clemmensen reduction – Erik Christian Clemmensen Coanda effect – Henri Coanda Coase theorem – Ronald Coase Colburn–Chilton analogy (a.k.a. Colburn analogy) – Allan Philip Colburn and Thomas H. Chilton Coleman–Liau index – Meri Coleman and T. L. Liau Coleman–Mandula theorem – Sidney Coleman and Jeffrey Mandula Collatz conjecture (a.k.a. the Ulam conjecture (Stanisław Ulam), Kakutani's problem (Shizuo Kakutani), the Thwaites conjecture (Sir Bryan Thwaites), Hasse's algorithm (Helmut Hasse), the Syracuse problem) – Lothar Collatz Colpitts oscillator – Edwin H. Colpitts Compton effect, scattering, wavelength – Arthur Compton Compton–Getting effect – Arthur Compton and Ivan A. Getting Conway's base 13 function – John H. Conway Coolidge effect – from a joke attributed to John Calvin Coolidge, Jr. Cooper pair – Leon Cooper Cope elimination, rearrangement – Arthur Clay Cope Corey–Fuchs reaction – Elias James Corey and Philip L. Fuchs Corey–Kim oxidation – Elias James Corey and Choung Un Kim Corey–Winter olefin synthesis – Elias James Corey and Roland Arthur Edwin Winter Coriolis effect – Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis Cotton effect – Aimé Auguste Cotton Cotton–Mouton effect – Aimé Auguste Cotton and Henri Mouton Coulomb's law – Charles Augustin de Coulomb Coulter counter, principle – Wallace Henry Coulter Coxeter–Dynkin diagram – Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter and Eugene Borisovich Dynkin Crabtree effect – Herbert Grace Crabtree Criegee reaction, rearrangement – Rudolf Criegee Curie law, Curie–Weiss law – Pierre Curie (and Pierre Weiss) Curie point – Pierre Curie Curry's paradox – Haskell Curry Curtin–Hammett principle – David Yarrow Curtin and Louis Plack Hammett Curtius rearrangement – Theodor Curtius
D Dakin reaction – Henry Drysdale Dakin Dakin–West reaction – Henry Drysdale Dakin and Randolph West Dalton's law (of partial pressures) – John Dalton Damerau–Levenshtein distance – Frederick J. Damerau and Vladimir Levenshtein Darboux function – Jean Gaston Darboux Darcy's law – Henry Darcy Darlington pair – Sidney Darlington Darwin drift – Charles Galton Darwin Darwin point, Darwinism – Charles Darwin Darzens condensation – Auguste Georges Darzens Davies–Bouldin index (DBI) – David L. Davies and Donald W. Bouldin de Broglie wavelength – Louis de Broglie de Bruijn sequences – Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn de Haas–van Alphen effect – Wander Johannes de Haas and Pieter M. van Alphen de Haas–Shubnikov effect – see Shubnikov–de Haas effect, below Deborah number – the prophetess Deborah (Bible, Judges 5:5) Debye model – Peter Joseph William Debye Debye–Falkenhagen effect – Peter Joseph William Debye and Hans Falkenhagen Richard Dedekind has many topics named after him; see biography article. Delbrück scattering – Max Ludwig Henning Delbrück Delépine reaction – Stéphane Marcel Delépine Dellinger effect (a.k.a. Mögel–Dellinger effect) – John Howard Dellinger (and Hans Mögel) Demjanov rearrangement – Nikolai Jakovlevich Demjanov Dermott's law – Stanley Dermott Dess–Martin oxidation – Daniel Benjamin Dess and James Cullen Martin DeVries solar cycle – See Suess solar cycle, below Dice's coefficient – Lee Raymond Dice Dieckmann condensation – Walter Dieckmann Diels–Alder reaction – Otto Paul Hermann Diels and Kurt Alder Diophantine equation – Diophantus of Alexandria Dirac comb, fermion, spinor, equation, delta function, measure – Paul Dirac Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet has dozens of formulas named after him, see List of things named after Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet Divisia index – François Divisia Doebner–Miller reaction – Oscar Döbner (Doebner) and Wilhelm von Miller Dollo's law – Louis Dollo Donnan effect (a.k.a. Gibbs–Donnan effect) – see Gibbs–Donnan effect, below Doppler effect (a.k.a. Doppler–Fizeau effect), Doppler profile – Christian Doppler (and Hippolyte Fizeau) Downs–Thomson paradox – Anthony Downs and John Michael Thomson Drake equation (a.k.a. Sagan equation, Green Bank equation) – Frank Drake (or Carl Sagan or Green Bank, West Virginia, home to the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO)) Droste effect – Dutch chocolate maker Droste Drude model – Paul Drude Duff's device – Tom Duff Duffing equation, map – Georg Duffing Duhamel's integral, and principle – Jean-Marie Constant Duhamel Dulong–Petit law – Pierre Louis Dulong and Alexis Thérèse Petit Dunitz angle – see Bürgi–Dunitz angle, above Dunning–Kruger effect – David Dunning and Justin Kruger Dyson–Harrop satellite – Brooks L. Harrop and Freeman Dyson
E Early effect – James M. Early Eddington limit – Arthur Eddington Edgeworth–Bowley box – Francis Ysidro Edgeworth and Arthur Lyon Bowley Edison effect – Thomas Edison Edman degradation – Pehr Victor Edman Edward–Lemieux effect (a.k.a. Anomeric effect) – John Thomas Edward and Raymond U. Lemieux Eglinton reaction – Geoffrey Eglinton Ehrenfest paradox – Paul Ehrenfest Eimer's organ – Gustav Heinrich Theodor Eimer Einstein Cross, effect, radius, ring, shift – Albert Einstein Einstein–Chwolson ring or Chwolson ring – Albert Einstein and Orest Khvolson Einstein–de Haas effect – Albert Einstein and Wander Johannes de Haas Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen paradox (a.k.a. EPR paradox, Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen–Bohm paradox) – Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky, Nathan Rosen (and David Bohm) Ekman layer – Walfrid Ekman Elbs reaction – Karl Elbs Elliott–Halberstam conjecture – Peter D. T. A. Elliott and Heini Halberstam Elman network – Jeff Elman Elsasser number – Walter M. Elsasser Engel curve – Ernst Engel Engelbart's law – Douglas Engelbart Epimenides paradox – Epimenides of Knossos Erlenmeyer flask, rule, synthesis – Richard August Carl Emil Erlenmeyer Eschenmoser fragmentation – Albert Eschenmoser Eschweiler–Clarke reaction – Wilhelm Eschweiler and Hans Thacher Clarke Eshelby's inclusion – John D. Eshelby Étard reaction – Alexandre Léon Étard Ettingshausen effect – Albert von Ettingshausen Euler this and that (numerous entries) – Leonhard Euler Evershed effect – John Evershed
F Faà di Bruno's formula – Francesco Faà di Bruno Faraday constant, effect, Faraday's law of induction, Faraday's law of electrolysis – Michael Faraday Farnsworth–Hirsch fusor – Philo T. Farnsworth and Robert L. Hirsch Favorskii reaction, rearrangement – Alexei Yevgrafovich Favorskii Fenton reaction – Henry John Horstman Fenton Fermat's principle – Pierre de Fermat Fermi energy, paradox, surface, Fermion – Enrico Fermi Fermi–Dirac statistics – Enrico Fermi and Paul Dirac Ferrel cell – William Ferrel Ferrers diagram (a.k.a. Young diagram, Ferrers graph) – Norman Macleod Ferrers Feshbach resonance – Herman Feshbach Feynman diagram – Richard Feynman Finkelstein reaction – Hans Finkelstein Fischer esterification, indole synthesis – Emil Hermann Fischer Fischer–Hafner reaction – Ernst Otto Fischer and Walter Hafner Fischer–Tropsch process – Franz Joseph Emil Fischer and Hans Tropsch Fischer–Hepp rearrangement – Otto Philipp Fischer and Eduard Hepp Fisher distribution – Ronald A. Fisher Fisher equation – Irving Fisher Fisher–Widom line – Michael E. Fisher and Benjamin Widom Fitts's law – Paul M. Fitts Flesch–Kincaid readability test – Rudolf F. Flesch and J. Peter Kincaid Fletcher–Munson curves – Harvey Fletcher and Wilden A. Munson Flynn effect – Jim Flynn Föppl–von Kármán equations – August Föppl and Theodore von Kármán Forbush effect – Scott Ellsworth Forbush Forer effect (a.k.a. Barnum effect) – Bertram R. Forer (and Phineas Taylor Barnum) Foucault pendulum – Jean Bernard Léon Foucault Fourier number – Joseph Fourier Fourier series – Joseph Fourier Fourier–Motzkin elimination – Joseph Fourier and Theodore Motzkin Franck–Condon principle – James Franck and Edward Uhler Condon Franssen effect – Nico Franssen Franz–Keldysh effect – Walter Franz and Leonid V. Keldysh Fraunhofer diffraction, lines – Joseph von Fraunhofer Freeman law – Ken Freeman Frenkel line – Jacov Frenkel Fresnel zone – Augustin Fresnel Frey effect – Allan H. Frey Friedel oscillations – Jacques Friedel Friedel–Crafts reaction – Charles Friedel and James Mason Crafts Friedländer synthesis – Paul Friedländer Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric (a.k.a. Friedmann–Robertson–Walker metric, Robertson–Walker metric) – Alexander Friedmann, Georges Lemaître, Howard P. Robertson and Arthur Geoffrey Walker Fries and photo-Fries rearrangement – Karl Theophil Fries Fritsch–Buttenberg–Wiechell rearrangement – Paul Ernst Moritz Fritsch, Wilhelm Paul Buttenberg, and Heinrich G. Wiechell Frobenius algebra, automorphism, method, norm, theorem – Ferdinand Georg Frobenius Froude number – William Froude Fry readability formula – Edward Fry Fujita scale (a.k.a. F-Scale, Fujita–Pearson scale) – Tetsuya Theodore Fujita (and Allen Pearson) Fujiwhara effect – Sakuhei Fujiwhara
G Gabriel synthesis – Siegmund Gabriel Gardner transition – Elizabeth Gardner Garman limit – Elspeth Garman Gattermann reaction – Ludwig Gattermann Gattermann–Koch reaction – Ludwig Gattermann and Julius Arnold Koch Gaunt factor (or Kramers–Gaunt factor) – John Arthur Gaunt (and Hendrik Anthony Kramers) Gause's principle – Georgii Gause Gauss's law – Carl Friedrich Gauss Gauss–Bonnet gravity, theorem – Carl Friedrich Gauss and Pierre Ossian Bonnet Geib–Spevack process (a.k.a. Girdler sulfide (GS) process) – Karl-Hermann Geib and Jerome S. Spevack (and the Girdler company, which built the first American plant using the process) Geiger counter (a.k.a. Geiger–Müller counter) – Johannes Wilhelm (Hans) Geiger (and Walther Müller) Geiger–Marsden experiment (a.k.a. Rutherford experiment) – Johannes Wilhelm (Hans) Geiger and Ernest Marsden Geiger–Müller tube – Johannes Wilhelm (Hans) Geiger and Walther Müller Geiger–Nuttall law/rule – Johannes Wilhelm (Hans) Geiger and John Mitchell Nuttall Geissler tube – Heinrich Geissler Gibbs entropy, free energy, paradox, Gibbs's phase rule, Gibbs phenomenon – Josiah Willard Gibbs Gibbs–Donnan effect (a.k.a. Donnan effect) – Josiah Willard Gibbs and Frederick G. Donnan Gibbs–Marangoni effect (a.k.a. Marangoni effect) – Josiah Willard Gibbs and Carlo Marangoni Gibbs–Helmholtz equation – Josiah Willard Gibbs and Hermann von Helmholtz Gibbs–Thomson effect – Josiah Willard Gibbs and three Thomsons: James Thomson, William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, Joseph John "J. J." Thomson Giffen good – Robert Giffen Gleissberg solar cycle – Wolfgang Gleißberg Gloger's rule – Constantin Wilhelm Lambert Gloger Goldbach's conjecture – Christian Goldbach Goldstone boson (a.k.a. Nambu–Goldstone boson) – see Nambu–Goldstone boson, below Gomberg–Bachmann reaction – Moses Gomberg and Werner Emmanuel Bachmann Goodhart's law – Charles Goodhart Goos–Hänchen effect or shift – Fritz Goos and Hilda Hänchen Gould Belt – Benjamin Gould Grashof number – Franz Grashof Greisen–Zatsepin–Kuzmin cut-off/limit (a.k.a. GZK cutoff/limit) – Kenneth Greisen, Georgiy Zatsepin and Vadim Kuzmin Gresham's law – Thomas Gresham Griess test (diazotization reaction) – Johann Peter Griess Grignard reaction – François Auguste Victor Grignard Grob fragmentation – Cyril A. Grob Gromov–Witten invariant – Mikhail Gromov and Edward Witten Grosch's law – Herbert Reuben John Grosch Grotrian diagram – Walter Robert Wilhelm Grotrian Grotthuss chain – Christian Johann Dietrich Theodor von Grotthuss Grotthuss–Draper law – Christian Johann Dietrich Theodor von Grotthuss and John William Draper Gunn diode, effect – John Battiscombe "J. B." Gunn Gunning fog index – Robert Gunning Gustafson's law, a.k.a. Gustafson–Barsis's law – John L. Gustafson (and Edward H. Barsis) Gutenberg–Richter law – Beno Gutenberg and Charles Francis Richter
H Haar measure – Alfréd Haar Hadamard inequality – Jacques Solomon Hadamard Hadamard transform (a.k.a. Hadamard–Rademacher–Walsh transform) – Jacques Hadamard, Hans Rademacher, and Joseph L. Walsh Hadley cell – George Hadley Hagedorn temperature – Rolf Hagedorn Haitz's law – Roland Haitz Haldane effect – John Scott Haldane Haldane's principle – John Burdon Sanderson Haldane Hale solar cycle – George Ellery Hale Hall effect – Edwin Hall Hamilton's rule – William Donald "Bill" Hamilton Hamming code, Hamming distance, Hamming weight – Richard Hamming Hammond postulate – George Simms Hammond Hanle effect – Wilhelm Hanle Hardy notation, space – Godfrey Harold Hardy Hardy–Littlewood circle method, first conjecture – Godfrey Harold Hardy and John E. Littlewood Hardy–Weinberg principle – Wilhelm Weinberg and Godfrey Harold Hardy Harrod–Johnson diagram – Roy F. Harrod and Harry G. Johnson Hartley oscillator – Ralph Hartley Hartman effect – Thomas E. Hartman Hartmann mask (or hat) – Johannes Hartmann Hartree energy – Douglas Hartree Hasse's algorithm – see Collatz conjecture, above Hasse diagram, principle – Helmut Hasse Hasse–Minkowski theorem – Helmut Hasse and Hermann Minkowski Hausdorff dimension – Felix Hausdorff Hawthorne effect – from the Hawthorne Works factory (where experiments were carried out 1924–1932) Hayashi track – Chushiro Hayashi Hayflick limit – Leonard Hayflick Hawking radiation (a.k.a. Bekenstein–Hawking radiation) – Stephen Hawking (and Jacob Bekenstein) Heaps's law (a.k.a. Herdan's law, Herdan–Heaps law) – Harold Stanley Heaps (and Gustav Herdan) Heaviside layer – see Kennelly–Heaviside layer Hebbian learning – Donald Olding Hebb Heine–Borel theorem – Heinrich Eduard Heine and Émile Borel Heinlein's razor – see Hanlon's razor, above Heisenberg uncertainty principle – Werner Heisenberg Hellmann–Feynman theorem – Hans Hellmann and Richard Feynman Helmholtz free energy, Helmholtz resonance – Hermann von Helmholtz Hénon map – Michel Hénon Hénon–Heiles system, potential – Michel Hénon and Carl E. Heiles Henrietta's law – see Leavitt's law, below Henyey track – Louis G. Henyey Herbig Ae/Be star – George Herbig Herbig–Haro object – George Herbig and Guillermo Haro Herbrand base, interpretation, structure, universe, and Herbrand's theorem – Jacques Herbrand Hertz effect – Heinrich Rudolf Hertz Hertzsprung–Russell diagram – Ejnar Hertzsprung and Henry Norris Russell Hess afterimage – Carl von Hess Hess diagram – R. Hess Heusler alloy – Fritz Heusler Heyting algebra, arithmetic – Arend Heyting Hick's law, a.k.a. Hick–Hyman law – William Edmund Hick and Ray Hyman Higgs boson, field – Peter Higgs Higgs mechanism – see Anderson–Higgs mechanism, above Hilbert–Waring theorem (a.k.a. Waring's problem) – David Hilbert and Edward Waring Hill sphere (a.k.a. Roche sphere) – George William Hill (and Édouard Roche) Hills cloud – Jack G. Hills Hipparchic cycle – Hipparchus of Nicaea (a.k.a. Hipparchus of Rhodes) Hirayama family – Kiyotsugu Hirayama Hirsch–Meeks fusor – Robert L. Hirsch and Gene A. Meeks Hofstadter's butterfly, law – Douglas Hofstadter Hopfield dielectric – John J. Hopfield Hopfield network – John J. Hopfield Hopkinson effect – John Hopkinson Hořava–Lifshitz gravity – Petr Hořava and Evgeny Lifshitz Hořava–Witten domain wall – Petr Hořava and Edward Witten Hubbert peak – Marion King Hubbert Hubble constant, expansion – Edwin Hubble Hubble–Reynolds law – Edwin Hubble and John Henry Reynolds Huchra's Lens – John Huchra Humphreys line/series – Curtis J. Humphreys Hund's Rules – Friedrich Hund Hunsdiecker reaction – Heinz Hunsdiecker and Cläre Hunsdiecker Huygens–Fresnel principle – Christiaan Huygens and Augustin-Jean Fresnel
I Imbert–Fedorov effect – Christian Imbert and Fedor Ivanovič Fedorov Ishikawa diagram – Kaoru Ishikawa Ising model (a.k.a. Lenz–Ising model) – Ernst Ising (and Wilhelm Lenz)
J Jaccard index, similarity coefficient, distance – Paul Jaccard Jaffe profile (or model) – Walter Jaffe Jahn–Teller effect – Hermann Arthur Jahn and Edward Teller Jaro–Winkler distance – Matthew A. Jaro and William E. Winkler Jarque–Bera test – Carlos M. Jarque and Anil K. Bera Jeans's theorem – James Hopwood Jeans Johnson–Nyquist noise – John B. Johnson and Harry Nyquist Jordan's rule/law – David Starr Jordan Josephson constant, effect, junction – Brian David Josephson Joule's law (a.k.a. Joule–Lenz law) – James Prescott Joule and Heinrich Friedrich Emil Lenz Joule–Thomson effect (a.k.a. Joule–Kelvin effect) – James Prescott Joule and William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin
K K3 surface – Ernst Kummer, Erich Kähler, Kunihiko Kodaira Kähler differential, manifold, metric – Erich Kähler Kakutani's problem – see Collatz conjecture, above Kármán vortex street – Theodore von Kármán Karnaugh map (a.k.a. Karnaugh–Veitch map, Veitch diagram) – Maurice Karnaugh (and Edward W. Veitch) Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions (a.k.a. Kuhn–Tucker conditions) – William Karush, Harold W. Kuhn and Albert W. Tucker Kasha's rule – Michael Kasha Kater's pendulum – Captain Henry Kater Kaye effect – Alan Kaye Keeling Curve – Charles David Keeling Kelvin wave – William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism, instability – William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin and Hermann von Helmholtz Kelvin–Joule effect (a.k.a. Joule–Thomson effect) – William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin and James Prescott Joule Kelvin–Voigt material, model – Woldemar Voigt and William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin Kennelly–Heaviside layer – Arthur Edwin Kennelly and Oliver Heaviside Kennicutt–Schmidt law (a.k.a. Schmidt–Kennicutt law, or Schmidt law) – Maarten Schmidt and Robert Kennicutt Kepler's laws of planetary motion – Johannes Kepler Kerr effect – John Kerr Kirkendall effect – Ernest Kirkendall Kleene star (a.k.a. Kleene operator, Kleene closure) – Stephen Kleene Klein–Gordon equation – Oskar Klein and Walter Gordon Klein–Nishina effect – Oskar Klein and Yoshio Nishina Knudsen cell, number – Martin Hans Christian Knudsen Kodaira dimension, embedding theorem, vanishing theorem – Kunihiko Kodaira Koenigs–Knorr reaction – Wilhelm Koenigs and Edward Knorr Kohn effect – Walter Kohn Kohn–Sham equations – Walter Kohn and Lu Jeu Sham Kohonen network – Teuvo Kohonen Kolakoski sequence – William Kolakoski Kolbe electrolysis – Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe Kolbe–Schmitt reaction – Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe and Rudolf Schmitt Kondo effect – Jun Kondo Kornblum oxidation – Nathan Kornblum Kornblum–DeLaMare rearrangement – Nathan Kornblum and Harold E. DeLaMare Kossel effect – Walther Kossel Kosterlitz–Thouless transition – see Berezinsky–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition, above Kozai effect – Yoshihide Kozai Krebs cycle – Hans Adolf Krebs Kratzer potential – Adolf Kratzer Kronecker delta – Leopold Kronecker Kuhn–Tucker conditions – see Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions, above Kuiper belt – Gerard Kuiper Kummer's function, Kummer surface – Ernst Kummer Kuramoto model – Yoshiki Kuramoto
L Lagrangian mechanics, Lagrange points – Joseph-Louis Lagrange Lamb shift – Willis Lamb Lambert's cosine law (a.k.a. Lambert's emission law) – Johann Heinrich Lambert Landau damping, pole – Lev Davidovich Landau Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect – Lev Davidovich Landau, Isaak Pomeranchuk, and Arkady Migdal Landau–Zener transition – Lev Davidovich Landau and Clarence Zener Landé g-factor – Alfred Landé Langmuir probe – Irving Langmuir Langmuir–Blodgett film – Irving Langmuir and Katharine B. Blodgett Laplace vector – see Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector, below Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector (a.k.a. LRL vector, Laplace vector, Runge–Lenz vector, Lenz vector) – Pierre-Simon de Laplace, Carl Runge and Wilhelm Lenz Larmor frequency, precession, radius – Joseph Larmor Larsen effect – Søren Absalon Larsen Laspeyres index – Ernst Louis Etienne Laspeyres Leavitt's law (a.k.a. Henrietta's law) – Henrietta Swan Leavitt Le Chatelier's principle – Henri Louis Le Chatelier Lee distance – C. Y. Lee Leidenfrost effect, point – Johann Gottlob Leidenfrost Lenard effect – Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard Lennard-Jones potential – John Lennard-Jones Lense–Thirring effect (a.k.a. Thirring effect) – Josef Lense and Hans Thirring Lenz vector – see Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector, above Lenz's law – Heinrich Friedrich Emil Lenz Leonard–Merritt mass estimator – Peter Leonard and David Merritt Levenshtein distance, automaton – Vladimir Levenshtein Levi-Civita symbol – Tullio Levi-Civita Lewis–Mogridge Position – David Lewis and Martin J. H. Mogridge Little–Parks effect – William A. Little and Roland D. Parks Littlewood–Offord problem – John E. Littlewood and A. Cyril Offord Locard's exchange principle – Edmond Locard Lode angle, Lode coordinates – Walter Lode Lombard effect – Étienne Lombard London force – Fritz London Lorentz force, transformation – Hendrik Antoon Lorentz Lorentz–Lorenz equation – Hendrik Antoon Lorentz and Ludvig Lorenz Lorenz attractor – Edward Norton Lorenz Lorenz curve – Max O. Lorenz Lorenz gauge condition – Ludvig Lorenz Lorenz–Mie scattering – see Mie scattering, below Loschmidt's paradox – Johann Josef Loschmidt Lotka's law – Alfred J. Lotka Lotka–Volterra equation – Alfred J. Lotka and Vito Volterra Love waves – Augustus Edward Hough Love Lucas critique – Robert Lucas, Jr. Lyapunov's central limit theorem, equation, exponent, fractal, function, stability, test, time and tube – Aleksandr Mikhailovich Lyapunov Lyman line, series – Theodore Lyman
M Mach band/effect, number, principle – Ernst Mach Mach–Zehnder interferometer – Ludwig Mach and Ludwig Zehnder Madelung constant, rule, energy – Erwin Madelung Maggi–Righi–Leduc effect (Thermal Hall effect) – Gian Antonio Maggi, Augusto Righi and Sylvestre Anatole Leduc Magnus effect – Heinrich Gustav Magnus Magorrian relation – John Magorrian Mahalanobis distance – Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis (প্রশান্ত চন্দ্র মহলানবিস) Mahler measure, Mahler's theorem – Kurt Mahler Maillard reaction Malmquist bias, effect – Karl Gunnar Malmquist Malus's law – Étienne-Louis Malus Malthusian parameter – named by Ronald Fisher as a criticism of Thomas Robert Malthus Malthusian catastrophe, growth model – Thomas Robert Malthus Marangoni cell/convection (a.k.a. Bénard–Marangoni convection) – see Bénard–Marangoni cell/convection, above Marangoni effect (a.k.a. Gibbs–Marangoni effect) – see Gibbs–Marangoni effect, above Markov's inequality, chain, partition, Markovian process – Andrey Markov Mathieu functions – Émile Léonard Mathieu Matilda effect – Matilda Joslyn Gage Matthew effect – Matthew the Evangelist Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution – James Clerk Maxwell and Ludwig Boltzmann McCollough effect – Celeste McCollough McCulloch–Pitts neuron – Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts McGurk effect (a.k.a. McGurk–MacDonald effect) – Harry McGurk (and John MacDonald) Mealy machine – George H. Mealy Meissner effect (a.k.a. Meissner–Ochsenfeld effect) – Walther Meissner (and Robert Ochsenfeld) Mendelian inheritance – Gregor Mendel Menzerath's law (a.k.a. Menzerath–Altmann law) – Paul Menzerath (and Gabriel Altmann) Mercalli intensity scale (Modified Mercalli scale) – Giuseppe Mercalli Metonic cycle – Meton of Athens Meyers synthesis – Albert I. Meyers Mie scattering (a.k.a. Lorenz–Mie scattering) – Gustav Mie (and Ludvig Lorenz) Mihăilescu's theorem (a.k.a. Catalan's conjecture) – Preda Mihăilescu Mikheyev–Smirnov–Wolfenstein effect – Stanislav Mikheyev, Alexei Smirnov, and Lincoln Wolfenstein Miller effect – John Milton Miller Miller indices (a.k.a. Miller–Bravais indices) – William Hallowes Miller (and Auguste Bravais) Misnay–Schardin effect – Col. József Misnay and Hubert Schardin Mögel–Dellinger effect – see Dellinger effect, above Mohorovičić discontinuity (Moho) – Andrija Mohorovičić Mohr's circle – Christian Otto Mohr Mohr–Coulomb theory – Christian Otto Mohr and Charles-Augustin de Coulomb Mooers's law – Calvin Mooers Moore machine – Edward Forrest Moore Moore's law – Gordon E. Moore Morgan unit – Thomas Hunt Morgan Moreton wave – Gail E. Moreton Morse potential – Philip M. Morse Moses effect – after biblical Moses Mössbauer effect – Rudolf Mössbauer Mott cross section, Mott insulator, Mott transition – Nevill Francis Mott Mpemba effect – Erasto B. Mpemba Müllerian mimicry – Fritz Müller Munroe effect – Charles Edward Munroe Muraour's law – Henri Muraour (1880–1954) Murphy's law – Maj. Edward A. Murphy, Jr.
N Nambu–Goldstone boson (a.k.a. Goldstone boson) – Yoichiro Nambu and Jeffrey Goldstone Nash equilibrium – John Forbes Nash Nassi–Shneiderman diagram – Isaac Nassi and Ben Shneiderman Necker cube – Louis Albert Necker Needleman–Wunsch algorithm – Saul B. Needleman and Christian D. Wunsch Néel temperature – Louis Néel Nernst effect (a.k.a. Nernst–Ettingshausen effect) – Walther Hermann Nernst and Albert von Ettingshausen Nernst equation – Walther Hermann Nernst Neupert effect – Werner Neupert Newcomb's paradox – William Newcomb Newton's rings, Newtonian constant of gravitation, mechanics – Isaac Newton Noether's theorem – Emmy Noether Nordtvedt effect – Kenneth L. Nordtvedt Nyquist frequency, Nyquist rate – Harry Nyquist Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem (a.k.a. Nyquist–Shannon–Kotelnikov, Whittaker–Shannon–Kotelnikov, Whittaker–Nyquist–Kotelnikov–Shannon, WKS theorem) – Harry Nyquist, Claude Shannon, Edmund Taylor Whittaker, and Vladimir Kotelnikov
O Oberth effect – Hermann Oberth O'Connell effect – Daniel Joseph Kelly O'Connell Olbers's paradox – Heinrich Wilhelm Olbers Ohm's law – Georg Ohm Okun's law – Arthur Okun Omori's law – Fusakichi Omori Onnes effect – Heike Kamerlingh Onnes Oort cloud (a.k.a. Öpik–Oort cloud) – Jan Hendrik Oort (and Ernst Julius Öpik) Ostriker–Peebles criterion – Jeremiah P. Ostriker and Jim Peebles Ostwald's dilution law, Ostwald process – Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald Overhauser effect – Albert Overhauser Ovshinsky effect – Stanford R. Ovshinsky
P Paal–Knorr synthesis – Carl Paal and Ludwig Knorr Pareto chart, distribution, efficiency, index, principle – Vilfredo Federico Damaso Pareto Pareto–Zipf law (a.k.a. Zipf–Mandelbrot law) – Vilfredo Pareto and George K. Zipf (or Benoît Mandelbrot) Parrondo's games, paradox – Juan Manuel Rodríguez Parrondo Paschen curve, line, law – Friedrich Paschen Paschen–Back effect – Friedrich Paschen and Ernst Back Pasteur effect – Louis Pasteur Paternò–Büchi reaction – Emanuele Paternò and George Büchi Pauli exclusion principle – Wolfgang Pauli Peano curve – Giuseppe Peano Pearson–Anson effect – Stephen Oswald Pearson and Horatio Saint George Anson Péclet number – Jean Claude Eugène Péclet Peltier effect – Jean Charles Athanase Peltier Perlin noise – Ken Perlin Perron–Frobenius theorem – Oskar Perron, and Ferdinand Georg Frobenius Petkau effect – Abram Petkau Petri dish – Julius Richard Petri Petri net – Carl Adam Petri Peyer's patches – Johann Conrad Peyer Pfeiffer effect – Paul Pfeiffer Pfund line/series – August Herman Pfund Phillips curve – William Phillips (economist) Pigou effect – Arthur Cecil Pigou Piobert's law – Guillaume Piobert (1793–1871) Pisot–Vijayaraghavan number – Charles Pisot and Tirukkannapuram Vijayaraghavan Planck constant, length, mass, time – Max Planck Platonic year – Plato Pockels effect – Friedrich Carl Alwin Pockels Pogson ratio – Norman Robert Pogson Poincaré map, section – Henri Poincaré Poincaré–Bendixson theorem – Henri Poincaré and Ivar Otto Bendixson Poinsot's spirals – Louis Poinsot Polchinski's paradox – Joseph Polchinski Potts model (a.k.a. Ashkin–Teller model) – Renfrey B. Potts, Julius Ashkin, and Edward Teller Pourbaix diagram – Marcel Pourbaix Poynting effect, vector – John Henry Poynting Poynting–Robertson effect – John Henry Poynting and Howard P. Robertson Prandtl number – Ludwig Prandtl Primakoff effect – Henry Primakoff Proteus phenomenon – Proteus (mythological god) Pulfrich effect – Carl P. Pulfrich Purkinje effect/shift – Johannes Evangelista Purkinje Pygmalion effect (a.k.a. Rosenthal effect, observer-expectancy effect) – Pygmalion (and Robert Rosenthal) Pythagorean theorem (a.k.a. Pythagoras's theorem) – Pythagoras
R Rabi oscillations – Isidor Isaac Rabi Rademacher distribution, function, series, sum – Hans Adolph Rademacher Rademacher–Menchov theorem – Hans Adolph Rademacher and Dmitrii Menshov Radon transform – Johann Karl August Radon Raman scattering – Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman Ramsauer–Townsend effect (a.k.a. Ramsauer effect, Townsend effect) – Carl Ramsauer and John Sealy Townsend Ramsden circle/disc/eyepoint, eyepiece – Jesse Ramsden Ramsey theory – Frank Plumpton Ramsey Rapoport's rule – Eduardo H. Rapoport Raychaudhuri's equation – Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri (অমল কুমার রায়চৌধুরী) Raygor Estimate Graph – Alton L. Raygor Rayleigh criterion, distribution, fading, number, quotient, scattering, waves – Lord Rayleigh Rayleigh–Bénard cell/convection – Lord Rayleigh and Henri Bénard Rayleigh–Jeans law – Lord Rayleigh and James Jeans Rayleigh–Taylor instability – Lord Rayleigh and G. I. Taylor Rees–Sciama effect – Martin Rees and Dennis Sciama Reidemeister moves – Kurt Reidemeister Résal effect – Louis-Jean Résal Rescorla–Wagner rule – Robert A. Rescorla and Allan R. Wagner Reynolds number, Reynolds analogy – Osborne Reynolds Ribot's law (of Retrograde Amnesia) – Théodule-Armand Ribot Ricardian equivalence (a.k.a. Barro–Ricardo equivalence, or Ricardo–de Viti–Barro equivalence) – Robert Barro, David Ricardo, and Antonio de Viti de Marco Richards controller – Charles L. Richards Richardson's constant, equation, law – Owen Willans Richardson Richardson number – Lewis Fry Richardson Richter magnitude scale – Charles Francis Richter Righi–Leduc effect (a.k.a. Leduc–Righi effect) – Augusto Righi and Sylvestre Anatole Leduc Ringelmann effect – Max Ringelmann Robertson–Walker metric (a.k.a. Friedmann–Robertson–Walker metric) – see Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric, above Roche limit – Édouard Roche Roche sphere (a.k.a. Hill sphere) – Édouard Roche (and George William Hill) Rollin film – Bernard V. Rollin Rosenthal effect (a.k.a. Pygmalion effect, observer-expectancy effect) – Robert Rosenthal (and Pygmalion) Rossby waves – Carl-Gustaf Arvid Rossby Rossi–Forel scale – Michele Stefano Conte de Rossi and François-Alphonse Forel Rössler equation – Otto Rössler Rossmann fold – Michael Rossmann Royer oscillator – George H. Royer Ruelle operator, zeta function – David Ruelle Ruelle–Perron–Frobenius theorem – David Ruelle, Oskar Perron, and Ferdinand Georg Frobenius Ruhmkorff coil – Heinrich D. Ruhmkorff Runge–Lenz vector – see Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector Runge's phenomenon – Carle David Tolmé Runge Russell's paradox – Bertrand Russell Rutherford experiment (a.k.a. Geiger–Marsden experiment), scattering – Ernest Rutherford Rybczynski theorem – Tadeusz Rybczynski Rydberg constant, formula – Johannes Rydberg Rydberg–Klein–Rees method – Johannes Rydberg, Oskar Klein, and Albert Lloyd George Rees
S Sabatier or Sabattier effect – Sabat[t]ier, first name unknown Sachs–Wolfe effect – Rainer K. Sachs and Arthur M. Wolfe Saffir–Simpso