engineering

Seated Lincoln (Borglum)

Seated Lincoln (Borglum) is a engineering topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Seated Lincoln (Borglum) rather than just read about it. In short: Seated Lincoln is a 1911 sculpture by Gutzon Borglum, located next to the Essex County Courthouse in Newark, Essex County, New Jersey. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 30, 1995, for its significance in art.

Key takeaways

Seated Lincoln (Borglum) belongs to engineering; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Seated Lincoln (Borglum) to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Seated Lincoln (Borglum) from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Seated Lincoln is a 1911 sculpture by Gutzon Borglum, located next to the Essex County Courthouse in Newark, Essex County, New Jersey. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 30, 1995, for its significance in art.

History and description The bronze sculpture depicts Abraham Lincoln larger than life size, seated at one end of a bench also cast in bronze. Lincoln is bearded but bare headed, with his stovepipe hat resting on the bench beside the man's hand. The bronze is set on a low stone platform with five steps, beside the steps to the courthouse. The informal composition was an unusual departure from the usual monumental depiction of Lincoln standing or enthroned on a high plinth. It was inspired by Borglum's research, reading that Lincoln often sat alone on a bench in the White House garden to gather his thoughts during the American Civil War, particularly when there was bad news. In 1908, Borgulm had completed the marble bust of Lincoln which is now installed at the U.S. Capitol, and he later sculpted the heads of four U.S. presidents including Lincoln at Mount Rushmore. The work was funded by a $25,000 bequest by Newark businessman Amos Hoagland Van Horn, who died in 1908. Van Horn's estate also funded Borglum's Wars of America monument, erected in Newark in 1926.

The sculpture was cast at the Gorham Manufacturing Company foundry in New York, and dedicated by President Theodore Roosevelt on Memorial Day, May 30, 1911. Roosevelt reportedly exclaimed "Why this doesn't look like a monument at all!" which Borglum took as a compliment. The sculpture was restored in 1980 by the Cavalier Renaissance Foundry of Bridgeport, Connecticut. Borglum also made a number of smaller bronze maquettes of the statue. One example, 22 in × 29 in × 15.75 in (55.9 cm × 73.7 cm × 40.0 cm), was sold at Sotheby's in 2009 for $62,500, and another in 2016 for $100,000.

Lincoln and Newark While Lincoln won the most electors in the 1860 United States presidential election in New Jersey, he won fewer votes across the state and in Essex County than the other three candidates combined. Historian Charles Cummings has attributed this opposition to Newark businesses' significant demand from southern plantations. To quell Newark business owners' interest in seceding, New Jersey Governor Charles Smith Olden invited Lincoln to speak in Trenton while traveling to his first inauguration. The Newark Common Council subsequently invited Lincoln to visit Newark along his train ride between New York City and Trenton. Lincoln agreed and on February 21, 1861, his presidential train stopped in Newark for 45 minutes. During this visit, Newark Mayor Moses Bigelow greeted Lincoln and gave a tour of the city's parks. Despite Lincoln never visiting the city again, the city has many memorials dedicated to Lincoln, such as this sculpture.

See also Lincoln the Mystic Wars of America List of statues of Abraham Lincoln National Register of Historic Places listings in Essex County, New Jersey List of sculptures of presidents of the United States

References

External links Media related to Seated Lincoln (Borglum) at Wikimedia Commons

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Seated Lincoln (Borglum)

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Seated Lincoln (Borglum) claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In engineering, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Seated Lincoln (Borglum) before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Seated Lincoln (Borglum) ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Seated Lincoln (Borglum)

In research: Seated Lincoln (Borglum) appears in engineering research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Seated Lincoln (Borglum) in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Seated Lincoln (Borglum) is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1911 establishments in New Jersey, 1911 sculptures, Bronze sculptures in New Jersey, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Seated Lincoln (Borglum) outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Seated Lincoln (Borglum) in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Seated Lincoln (Borglum) means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Seated Lincoln (Borglum) out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Seated Lincoln (Borglum) in simple terms?

Why does Seated Lincoln (Borglum) matter?

Because it connects several engineering ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Seated Lincoln (Borglum)?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Seated Lincoln (Borglum).