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Seymour Jonathan Singer

Seymour Jonathan Singer is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Seymour Jonathan Singer rather than just read about it. In short: Seymour Jonathan Singer (May 23, 1924 – February 2, 2017), more commonly known as Jonathan or “Jon” Singer, was an American cell biologist and professor of biology at the University of California, San Diego. He is best known for co-developing the Fluid Mosaic Model of the cell membrane, a central concept in modern cell biology.

Key takeaways

  • Seymour Jonathan Singer belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
  • Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
  • Connect Seymour Jonathan Singer to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
  • Reproduce the core statement of Seymour Jonathan Singer from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Seymour Jonathan Singer (May 23, 1924 – February 2, 2017), more commonly known as Jonathan or “Jon” Singer, was an American cell biologist and professor of biology at the University of California, San Diego. He is best known for co-developing the Fluid Mosaic Model of the cell membrane, a central concept in modern cell biology.

Early life and Career Singer was born in New York City and attended Columbia University, where he earned his B.A. in 1943. He received his doctorate from the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn in 1947. He worked as a postdoctoral fellow with Linus Pauling at Caltech during 1947–1948, where he participated in studies demonstrating that hemoglobin in sickle-cell anemia differs from normal hemoglobin, reported in the paper "Sickle Cell Anemia, a Molecular Disease". He worked for the U.S. Public Health Service between 1948 and 1950. He joined the Chemistry Department at Yale University as an assistant professor in 1951 and was promoted to associate professor in 1957 and to professor in 1960. There he developed the ferritin-antibody, which was the first electron-dense reagent used for cell staining in electron microscopy imaging. He was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship for Molecular & Cellular Biology in 1959. In 1961 he joined the faculty at University of California, San Diego as a professor in the Department of Biology (now the Division of Biological Sciences).

Research At UCSD, Singer's lab conducted studies on the conformation and organization of membrane proteins in the mid-1960s, using techniques such as optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism. These studies contributed to the development of the Fluid Mosaic Model of the cell membrane. He later studied interactions between the cytoskeleton and the cell membrane, including work on proteins such as vinculin and talin that are involved in linking the cytoskeleton to membranes. In 2003, he published the book The Splendid Feast of Reason, which discusses rationalism and the philosophy of science.

Honors and awards Singer was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1969 and to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1971. He held an American Cancer Society Research Professorship from 1976 to 1991. He received the E.B. Wilson Medal from the American Society for Cell Biology and was appointed a University Professor of the University of California, a systemwide distinction, from 1988 until his retirement in 1995.

Later life and death Singer died in La Jolla on February 2, 2017.

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Seymour Jonathan Singer

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Seymour Jonathan Singer claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Seymour Jonathan Singer before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Seymour Jonathan Singer ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Seymour Jonathan Singer

In research
Seymour Jonathan Singer appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry
Engineering practice reuses Seymour Jonathan Singer in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom
Seymour Jonathan Singer is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1924 births, 2017 deaths, American cell biologists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life
Look for Seymour Jonathan Singer outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Seymour Jonathan Singer in 20 minutes

  1. Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
  2. Close the page and write down what Seymour Jonathan Singer means in your own words.
  3. Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
  4. Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
  5. Explain Seymour Jonathan Singer out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Seymour Jonathan Singer in simple terms?

Seymour Jonathan Singer (May 23, 1924 – February 2, 2017), more commonly known as Jonathan or “Jon” Singer, was an American cell biologist and professor of biology at the University of California, San Diego. He is best known for co-developing the Fluid Mosaic Model of the cell membrane, a central c…

Why does Seymour Jonathan Singer matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Seymour Jonathan Singer?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Seymour Jonathan Singer.

Tags

  • 1924 births
  • 2017 deaths
  • American cell biologists
  • Columbia College, Columbia University alumni
  • Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
  • Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
  • New York University alumni
  • Scientists from New York City
  • University of California, San Diego faculty
  • Yale University faculty

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