physics

Shields Warren

Shields Warren is a physics topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Shields Warren rather than just read about it. In short: Shields Warren (February 26, 1898 – July 1, 1980) was an American pathologist. He was among the first to study the pathology of radioactive fallout.

Key takeaways

Shields Warren belongs to physics; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Shields Warren to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Shields Warren from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Shields Warren (February 26, 1898 – July 1, 1980) was an American pathologist. He was among the first to study the pathology of radioactive fallout. Warren influenced and mentored Eleanor Josephine Macdonald, epidemiologist and cancer researcher.

Early life Warren was born in 1898 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He graduated with an A.B in 1918 from Boston University and with an M.D. in 1923 from Harvard Medical School. From 1923 to 1925, he was an assistant in pathology at Boston City Hospital where he completed his medical residency in 1927.

Career At Harvard Medical School, he began teaching as an instructor in pathology in 1925, was promoted to assistant professor in 1936, and became a full professor of pathology in 1948. In 1927, he became a pathologist at New England Deaconess Hospital (which later became part of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center) and was promoted to pathologist-in-chief in 1946, serving in that post for 36 years. He also served as pathologist-in-chief at New England Baptist Hospital and at Pondville State Hospital and was a consultant for several other hospitals. He established New England Deaconess Hospital's Cancer Research Institute and served as the director of the Institute until he resigned from the directorship in 1968. He held the Shields Warren Mallinckrodt Professorship of Clinical Research at Deaconess Hospital and Harvard Medical School

Warren's research focused primarily on cancer, thyroid disorders, diabetes, and atomic radiation. During his cancer research in 1932, he discovered that cancer susceptibility varied from person to person. This study laid the foundation for future investigations on vulnerability and immunity to tumors. He also helped to establish the field of radiobiology by determining that certain mammal tissues were more susceptible to radiation damage, therefore disproving the Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau. During World War II, he served as a Captain in the U.S. Naval Reserve, and after Japan's surrender in 1945, Warren led the medical section of the Naval Technical Mission that aimed to aid and study the survivors of the atomic bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This was the first systematic study of radioactive fallout ever conducted.Warren's various research projects involved the American Society for Experimental Pathology, the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, the U.S. Department of Defense, the National Academy of Sciences, NASA, and the Veterans' Administration. Warren was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, National Academy of Sciences, and the American Philosophical Society. He was a trustee with the American Board of Pathology from 1944 to 1958.

Awards and honors Shields Warren Festschrift Ward Burdick Award for Distinguished Service to Clinical Pathology, American Society for Clinical Pathology, 1949 Banting Medal for Scientific Achievement Award, American Diabetes Association, 1953 Pathologist of the Year, Meritorious Service Award, College of American Pathologists, 1955 Albert Einstein Medal and Award, 1962 James Ewing Lecture, Society of Surgical Oncology, 1962 American Cancer Society National Award, 1968 Enrico Fermi Award, US DOE, 1971 Holmes Lecture, New England Roentgen Ray Society, 1972 Distinguished Scientific Achievement Award, Health Physics Society,1974 Gold Headed Cane Award, Association of Clinical Scientists, 1980 Founders Award, Health Physics Society, 1985

Personal life On August 11, 1923, he married Alice Springfield. They had two children. Warren died on July 1, 1980, in Mashpee, Massachusetts.

Selected publications

Journal articles "Exposure Rates and Protective Measures against Radiation". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. vol. 107, no. 1 (February 15, 1963): 18–20.

Monographs The Sanitary Survey as an Instrument of Instruction in Medical Schools. with Joseph Rosenau Milton. (Harvard Medical School Department of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene Sanitary Surveys), 1924. The Cancer Problem. (Series on the Early Recognition of Cancer, vol. 1). American Cancer Society, 1954. Medical Effects of the Atomic Bomb in Japan. with Ashley W. Oughterson. (National Nuclear Energy Series. Manhattan Project Technical Section. Division 8, vol. 8), 1956. The Pathology of Ionizing Radiation (Monograph in the Carl Vernon Weller lecture series). The University of Michigan, 1961.

Books Sanitary Survey of Rochester, New Hampshire. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1922. Medical Science for Everyday Use. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1927. The Pathology of Diabetes Mellitus. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1930. Tumors of Dermal Appendages. with Olive Gates and Wesley N. Warvi. Cambridge: Harvard University Cancer Commission, 1943. A Handbook for the Diagnosis of Cancer of the Uterus: By Use of Vaginal Smears. with Olive Gates and George N. Papanicolaou. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1947. Introduction to Neuropathology. with Samuel Pendleton Hicks. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1950. . Atomic Bomb Injury—Radiation. with Charles Little Dunham, Eugene P. Cronkite, and George Veach Le Roy. Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission, 1951. The Pathology of Diabetes Mellitus. with Philip Medford LeCompte, and Merle A. Legg. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1966. Tumors of the Thyroid Gland. with William A. Meissner. Washington, D.C.: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 1969.

As editor Synopsis of the Practice of Preventive Medicine: As Applied in the Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Instruction at the Harvard Medical School. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1929.

References

Illustrations

Shields Warren: Shields Warren — Shields Warren

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Shields Warren

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Shields Warren claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In physics, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Shields Warren before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Shields Warren ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Shields Warren

In research: Shields Warren appears in physics research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Shields Warren in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Shields Warren is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1898 births, 1980 deaths, 20th-century American people, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Shields Warren outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Shields Warren in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Shields Warren means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Shields Warren out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Shields Warren in simple terms?

Shields Warren (February 26, 1898 – July 1, 1980) was an American pathologist. He was among the first to study the pathology of radioactive fallout.

Why does Shields Warren matter?

Because it connects several physics ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Shields Warren?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Shields Warren.