astronomy

Shimon Schuldiner

Shimon Schuldiner is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Shimon Schuldiner rather than just read about it. In short: Shimon Schuldiner (Hebrew: שמעון שולדינר; born August 10, 1946) is an Israeli biochemist. He has made important contributions to the understanding of proteins that couple the movement of ions and other molecules across membranes.

Key takeaways

Shimon Schuldiner belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Shimon Schuldiner to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Shimon Schuldiner from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Shimon Schuldiner (Hebrew: שמעון שולדינר; born August 10, 1946) is an Israeli biochemist. He has made important contributions to the understanding of proteins that couple the movement of ions and other molecules across membranes. Schuldiner is Mathilda Marks-Kennedy Professor at the Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He received a B.Sc. in 1967 and an M.Sc. in 1968 from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and a Ph.D. from the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot in 1973.

Biography Schuldiner was born on August 10, 1946, in Buenos Aires, Argentina, to Hana Joszpe and Berko Schuldiner, who were Jewish immigrants from Ukraine. In 1964 he emigrated to Israel, where he has been living since. He earned a B.Sc. in 1967 and a M.Sc. in 1968 from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, the latter working with Itzhak Ohad. In 1973 he received a Ph.D. for work performed in the laboratory of Mordhay Avron (z"l) at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot . From 1973 to 1976 he did postdoctoral research in the laboratory of Howard Ronald Kaback at the Roche Institute for Molecular Biology in Nutley, New Jersey. In 1976 he returned to Israel and joined the Department of Molecular Biology at Hadassah Medical School, and in 1990 he moved to the Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, both at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Between 1999 and 2002, he served as Chairman of the Silberman Institute. Schuldiner is married to Monica Schuldiner, with whom he has two children and six grandchildren. He and his wife are long-time supporters of civil rights in Israel and of the advancement of peace. His son Oren and his daughter-in-law Maya Schuldiner are also research biologists, working at the Weizmann Institute of Science. His son Ilan is a physiotherapist at Maccabi Health Services and his daughter in law, Hila Zadka, is a researcher at The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health.

Career Schuldiner is a world expert in the expression, purification, and characterization of membrane proteins. Specifically, he focuses on the multidrug antiporter EmrE. Investigation of its subunit structure led the Schuldiner Group to propose a dimer of topologically parallel subunits. This led to a long-running controversy over EmrE topology that eventually led Schuldiner to demonstrate that both parallel and antiparallel dimers are functional. His work on the Vesicular Monoamine Transporter (VMAT), elucidating its mechanism of action, is essential for the development of better drugs for brain disorders.

Selected articles Schuldiner, S., Rottenberg, H., and Avron, M. (1972) Membrane potential as a driving force for ATP synthesis in chloroplasts. FEBS Lett. 28, 173-176 Ramos, S., Schuldiner, S., and Kaback, H. R. (1976) The electrochemical gradient of protons and its relationship to active transport in Escherichia coli membrane vesicles. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73, 1892-1896 Schuldiner, S., and Kaback, H. R. (1975) Membrane Potential and Active Transport in Membrane Vesicles from Escherichia coli. Biochem 14, 5451-5461 Taglicht, D., Padan, E., and Schuldiner, S. (1993) Proton-sodium stoichiometry of NhaA, an electrogenic antiporter from Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 268, 5382-5387 Schuldiner, S., Shirvan, A., Stern-Bach, Y., Steiner-Mordoch, S., Yelin, R., and Laskar, O. (1994) From bacterial antibiotic resistance to neurotransmitter uptake. A common theme of cell survival. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 733, 174-184 Yaffe, D., Radestock, S., Shuster, Y., Forrest, L. R., and Schuldiner, S. (2013) Identification of Molecular Hinge Points Mediating Alternating Access in the Vesicular Monoamine Transporter VMAT2. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110, E1332-E1341 Stern-Bach, Y., Greenberg-Ofrath, N., Flechner, I., and Schuldiner, S. (1990) Identification and Purification of a Functional Amine Transporter from Bovine Chromaffin Granules. J. Biol. Chem. 265, 3961-3966 Yerushalmi, H., Lebendiker, M., and Schuldiner, S. (1995) EmrE, an Escherichia coli 12-kDa multidrug transporter, exchanges toxic cations and H+ and is soluble in organic solvents. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 6856-6863 Nasie, I., Steiner-Mordoch, S., Gold, A., and Schuldiner, S. (2010) Topologically Random Insertion of Emre Supports a Pathway for Evolution of Inverted Repeats in Ion-Coupled Transporters. J. Biol. Chem. 285, 15234-15244 Shuster, Y., Steiner-Mordoch, S., Alon Cudkowicz, N., and Schuldiner, S. (2016) A Transporter Interactome Is Essential for the Acquisition of Antimicrobial Resistance to Antibiotics. PLoS One 11, e0152917

References

External links http://biolchem.huji.ac.il/shimons/personal.html Search Results for author Schuldiner S on PubMed.

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Shimon Schuldiner

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Shimon Schuldiner claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Shimon Schuldiner before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Shimon Schuldiner ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Shimon Schuldiner

In research: Shimon Schuldiner appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Shimon Schuldiner in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Shimon Schuldiner is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1946 births, Academic staff of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Argentine Jews, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Shimon Schuldiner outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Shimon Schuldiner in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Shimon Schuldiner means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Shimon Schuldiner out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Shimon Schuldiner in simple terms?

Why does Shimon Schuldiner matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Shimon Schuldiner?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Shimon Schuldiner.