astronomy

Simon N. Powell

Simon N. Powell is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Simon N. Powell rather than just read about it. In short: Simon N. Powell (born February 1955) is a British cancer researcher and radiation oncologist residing in New York City.

Key takeaways

Simon N. Powell belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Simon N. Powell to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Simon N. Powell from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Simon N. Powell (born February 1955) is a British cancer researcher and radiation oncologist residing in New York City.

Biography Powell was born on February 13, 1955, in Manchester, England. Powell received the Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery in 1981 from the University of London and went on to complete his Ph.D. there in 1991, holding residencies at Whittington Hospital and Hammersmith Hospital in London and a fellowship at the Royal Marsden Hospital before being recruited and settling in America.

Career Powell held a fellowship at Harvard Medical School in 1991, becoming an instructor in 1992, and associate professor of radiation oncology in 1998. He then became clinical director of the Gillette Center for Women's Cancers, co-leader of the Harvard Breast Cancer Research Program, and leader of the DNA Repair/Radiation Biology Program. From 2004 to 2008 he served as professor and head of Radiation therapy/radiation oncology at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. In 2008, Powell moved to New York to join Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and become the Chair of the Department of Radiation Oncology in Memorial Hospital with a joint appointment in Sloan Kettering Institute's Molecular Biology Program. He was also appointed to the faculties of the Gerstner Sloan Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences. He also holds the Enid A. Haupt Chair in Radiation Oncology at the Center. His career has centered on understanding DNA repair alterations in cancer and how they can be used for the basis of selective cancer therapies. His clinical expertise is in the treatment of breast cancer.

Memberships and significant positions Fellow of the Royal College of Radiologists of the United Kingdom Associate editor, International Journal of Cancer for eight years Associate editor, Radiation Research for 5 years Editorial board of the Journal of Cancer Biology and Therapy (now the International Journal of Cancer) Member, American Association for Cancer Research Member, Radiation Research Society

Awards Fellow of the American Society for Radiation Oncology (FASTRO) 2014 European Society for Theapeutic Radiology and Oncology (E.S.T.R.O.) Varian Award (1990)

Selected publications Powell, Simon N.; Defrank, Jeffrey S.; Connell, Paul; Eogan, Maeve; Preffer, Frederic; Dombkowski, David; Tang, Wei; Friend, Stephen (1995). "Differential sensitivity of p53(-) and p53(+) cells to caffeine-induced radiosensitization and override of G2 delay". Cancer Research. 55 (8): 1643–8. PMID 7712468. Mekeel, Kristin L; Tang, Wei; Kachnic, Lisa A; Luo, Chen-Mei; Defrank, Jeffrey S; Powell, Simon N (1997). "Inactivation of p53 results in high rates of homologous recombination". Oncogene. 14 (15): 1847–57. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201143. PMID 9150391. S2CID 25122282. Xia, F.; Taghian, D.G.; DeFrank, J.S.; Zeng, Z.C.; Willers, H.; Iliakis, G.; Powell, S.N. (2001). "Deficiency of human BRCA2 leads to impaired homologous recombination but maintains normal nonhomologous end joining". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 98 (15): 8644–9. Bibcode:2001PNAS...98.8644X. doi:10.1073/pnas.151253498. PMC 37489. PMID 11447276. Zhang, J; Willers, H; Feng, Z; Ghosh, JC; Kim, S; Weaver, DT; Chung, JH; Powell, SN; Xia, F (2004). "Chk2 phosphorylation of BRCA1 regulates DNA double-strand break repair". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 24 (2): 708–18. doi:10.1128/MCB.24.2.708-718.2004. PMC 343805. PMID 14701743. Romanova, Larisa Y; Willers, Henning; Blagosklonny, Mikhail V; Powell, Simon N (2004). "The interaction of p53 with replication protein a mediates suppression of homologous recombination". Oncogene. 23 (56): 9025–33. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1207982. PMID 15489903. Litman, Rachel; Peng, Min; Jin, Zhe; Zhang, Fan; Zhang, Junran; Powell, Simon; Andreassen, Paul R.; Cantor, Sharon B. (2005). "BACH1 is critical for homologous recombination and appears to be the Fanconi anemia gene product FANCJ". Cancer Cell. 8 (3): 255–65. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2005.08.004. PMID 16153896. Zhang, Junran; Ma, Zhefu; Treszezamsky, Alejandro; Powell, Simon N (2005). "MDC1 interacts with Rad51 and facilitates homologous recombination". Nature Structural & Molecular Biology. 12 (10): 902–9. doi:10.1038/nsmb991. PMID 16186822. S2CID 24097999. Feng, Z.; Scott, S. P.; Bussen, W.; Sharma, G. G.; Guo, G.; Pandita, T. K.; Powell, S. N. (2010). "Rad52 inactivation is synthetically lethal with BRCA2 deficiency". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108 (2): 686–91. doi:10.1073/pnas.1010959107. PMC 3021033. PMID 21148102. Bott, Matthew; Brevet, Marie; Taylor, Barry S; Shimizu, Shigeki; Ito, Tatsuo; Wang, Lu; Creaney, Jenette; Lake, Richard A; et al. (2011). "The nuclear deubiquitinase BAP1 is commonly inactivated by somatic mutations and 3p21.1 losses in malignant pleural mesothelioma". Nature Genetics. 43 (7): 668–72. doi:10.1038/ng.855. PMC 4643098. PMID 21642991. Riaz, N; Blecua, P; Lim, RS; Shen, R; Higginson, DS; Weinhold, N; Norton, L; Weigelt, B; Powell, SN; Reis-Filho, JS (11 October 2017). "Pan-cancer analysis of bi-allelic alterations in homologous recombination DNA repair genes". Nature Communications. 8 (1): 857. Bibcode:2017NatCo...8..857R. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00921-w. PMC 5636842. PMID 29021619. Bakhoum, SF; Ngo, B; Laughney, AM; Cavallo, JA; Murphy, CJ; Ly, P; Shah, P; Sriram, RK; Watkins, TBK; Taunk, NK; Duran, M; Pauli, C; Shaw, C; Chadalavada, K; Rajasekhar, VK; Genovese, G; Venkatesan, S; Birkbak, NJ; McGranahan, N; Lundquist, M; LaPlant, Q; Healey, JH; Elemento, O; Chung, CH; Lee, NY; Imielenski, M; Nanjangud, G; Pe'er, D; Cleveland, DW; Powell, SN; Lammerding, J; Swanton, C; Cantley, LC (25 January 2018). "Chromosomal instability drives metastasis through a cytosolic DNA response". Nature. 553 (7689): 467–472. Bibcode:2018Natur.553..467B. doi:10.1038/nature25432. PMC 5785464. PMID 29342134.

References

External links

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Simon N. Powell

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Simon N. Powell claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Simon N. Powell before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Simon N. Powell ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Simon N. Powell

In research: Simon N. Powell appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Simon N. Powell in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Simon N. Powell is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1955 births, Alumni of the University of London, Alumni of the University of Oxford, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Simon N. Powell outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Simon N. Powell in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Simon N. Powell means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
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Frequently asked questions

What is Simon N. Powell in simple terms?

Simon N. Powell (born February 1955) is a British cancer researcher and radiation oncologist residing in New York City.

Why does Simon N. Powell matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Simon N. Powell?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Simon N. Powell.