biology

Socrates Tzartos

Socrates Tzartos is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Socrates Tzartos rather than just read about it. In short: Socrates Tzartos (Greek: Σωκράτης Τζάρτος) is a Greek biologist and neuro-immunologist. He is professor emeritus of the Department of Pharmacy of the University of Patras, and a researcher emeritus of the Department of Neurobiology of the Hellenic Pasteur Institute in Athens.

Key takeaways

Socrates Tzartos belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Socrates Tzartos to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Socrates Tzartos from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Socrates Tzartos (Greek: Σωκράτης Τζάρτος) is a Greek biologist and neuro-immunologist. He is professor emeritus of the Department of Pharmacy of the University of Patras, and a researcher emeritus of the Department of Neurobiology of the Hellenic Pasteur Institute in Athens.

Career Socrates Tzartos received his Ph.D. from the University of Athens in 1976. He has held numerous positions during his career. He started working as a post-doctoral researcher in 1976 at the Physiological laboratory of the University of Cambridge until 1978. After that he worked as a research associate at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in San Diego until 1983 when he started working at the Institut Pasteur Paris. He worked at the Institute for 2 years after which he started working as the head of the Biochemistry Laboratory, later renamed: Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Immunology, at the Hellenic Pasteur Institute in Athens. Socrates has held this position until 2016 but has also worked in 1996 and 1997 as the Interim Acting General Director of the Institute. In addition to his work at the Pasteur Hellenic Institute he has also held other positions at different institutions. He has taught as a professor of immunobiology at the Department of Pharmacy at the University of Patras for more than 10 years. He was also the Deputy Chairman of the Department from 2003 to 2005. Currently he is a professor emeritus at the University of Patras and a researcher emeritus at the Hellenic Pasteur Institute.

Research Socrates was awarded a total of 59 research grants. Out of them, 17 have been from the European Commission (6 as coordinator), 28 from other international sources (most from the muscular dystrophy organizations MDA and AFM) and 14 from Greek sources. Over the course of his career he has produced a total of 290 scientific papers (187 original papers in refereed international journals, 80 reviews and 23 papers in Greek journals).

Teaching Socrates has been a mentor to 9 MSc students, 28 PhD students and more than 20 postdocs.

Memberships, awards and honors He has been a member of several academic organizations both in Greece and abroad. He is a member of the Greek Society of Immunologists, Greek Society of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, Greek Society of Neurosciences, International Society of Neuroimmunology, Neuroscience Society of USA, British Biochemical Society, European Peptide Society, British Crystallographic Association, Clare Hall, Cambridge University. He has also received several awards and honors:

1972-76: Four pre-doctoral fellowships from the Natl. Hellenic Research Foundation. 1976-78: Two long-term Post-doctoral EMBO fellowships. 1979-81: Two Post-doctoral fellowships from the Muscular Dystrophy Association of America. 1981-83: Two long-term Post-doctoral EMBO fellowships. 1988-1990, 1998, 2003: 4 awards of the 14th and 16th, 24th και 29th Panhellenic Medical Symposia. 1993: Short-term (3-month) EMBO fellowship. 1994: Full member of EMBO (European Molecular Biology Organization). 2012-2011: Program Director of Graduate Studies, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras 2013 and 2015: Participated in two Awards of the American Academy of Neurology annual Conferences, USA.

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Socrates Tzartos

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Socrates Tzartos claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Socrates Tzartos before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Socrates Tzartos ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Socrates Tzartos

In research: Socrates Tzartos appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Socrates Tzartos in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Socrates Tzartos is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 20th-century biologists, 21st-century Greek biologists, Academic staff of the University of Patras, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Socrates Tzartos outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Socrates Tzartos in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Socrates Tzartos means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Socrates Tzartos out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Socrates Tzartos in simple terms?

Why does Socrates Tzartos matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Socrates Tzartos?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Socrates Tzartos.