chemistry

Sodium dicarbollylcobaltate(III)

Sodium dicarbollylcobaltate(III) is a chemistry topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Sodium dicarbollylcobaltate(III) rather than just read about it. In short: Dicarbollylcobaltate(III) anion is a dicarbollide cluster compound containing cobaltic cation (III) as a metal center. The dicarbollylcobaltate(III) anion can be abbreviated to [COSAN]− or [CoD]−.

Key takeaways

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Reference excerpt

Dicarbollylcobaltate(III) anion is a dicarbollide cluster compound containing cobaltic cation (III) as a metal center. The dicarbollylcobaltate(III) anion can be abbreviated to [COSAN]− or [CoD]−. The center cobaltic cation is sandwiched by two dicarbollide clusters, so that it can be regarded as the carboranyl version of Cp2Co+. The countercation of dicarbollylcobaltate(III) could be Na+, Cs+, H+, NH4+, and other transition and main group metals. Among them, Na+ is the most commonly used cation.

Synthesis Sodium dicarbollylcobaltate could be synthesized from o-carborane. Lewis bases like butylamine and sodium hydroxide could attack the boron that is connected by two carbon atoms and subsequently remove this boron atom from the carborane skeleton, affording sodium 7,8-dicarbaundecaborate(1-).

Then, two equivalents of sodium 7,8-dicarbaundecaborate could react with cobalt acetate tetrahydrate at high temperatures, leading to the formation of one equivalent of sodium acetate and one equivalent of sodium dicarbollylcobaltate.

The synthesis of sodium dicarbollylcobaltate could also be accomplished by ion exchange. First, the aqueous solution of the cesium salt could be acidified by sulfuric acid and be extracted in organic phase. Then using sodium carbonate as sodium source to react with acidified dicarbollylcobaltate to get the sodium dicarbaundecaborate.

Reactivity The reactivity of the B-H bond in dicarbollylcobaltate is similar to that in o-carborane compounds. Until now, dicarbollylcobaltate anion has mostly been used as a spectator ion in the fields of catalytic chemistry, structural chemistry, and supramolecular chemistry. However, there is an example of the functionalization of the dicarbollylcobaltate anion. The preparation of iodonium zwitterions of dicarbollylcobaltate could be accomplished by the reaction of dicarbollylcobaltate with ArI(OAc)2 (Ar = Ph and 4-MeOC6H4) in 70% aqueous AcOH or CF3COOH.

The iodonium zwitterions could subsequently transform to other functionalized dicarbollylcobaltate by adding the appropriate nucleophiles. The reaction of the iodonium zwitterions with Me2NCHS and NEt4+CN− lead to corresponding closo-borate derivatives.

Applications Dicarbollylcobaltate anion is stable enough in common organic solvent and water. Because of the uniqueness of its hydridic B-H vertices and charge delocalization, the [CoD]− anion exhibits surface activity and has an amphiphilic character. [CoD]- could be also used in radioactive ion extraction. Due to the abundant boron atoms of [CoD]−, it also could be used in biomedical chemistry. (Boron neutron capture therapy is an important targeted radiation cancer therapy) Besides, because [CoD]− accumulates at interfaces and is soluble in both oil and water, [CoD]− could be also used in self-assembly in water.

Structural analysis The 1,2-B9C2H112- ion could be regarded as a ligand donating 6 electrons. The two carbon atoms and three boron atoms have approximately sp3 orbitals directed at the vacant 3-vertex. Therefore, with cobalt(III) as the metal center and a negative charge, the ion satisfies the 18-electron rule.

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Sodium dicarbollylcobaltate(III)

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Sodium dicarbollylcobaltate(III) claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In chemistry, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Sodium dicarbollylcobaltate(III) before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Sodium dicarbollylcobaltate(III) ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Sodium dicarbollylcobaltate(III)

In research: Sodium dicarbollylcobaltate(III) appears in chemistry research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Sodium dicarbollylcobaltate(III) in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Sodium dicarbollylcobaltate(III) is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Sodium compounds, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Sodium dicarbollylcobaltate(III) outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Sodium dicarbollylcobaltate(III) in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Sodium dicarbollylcobaltate(III) means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
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Frequently asked questions

What is Sodium dicarbollylcobaltate(III) in simple terms?

Why does Sodium dicarbollylcobaltate(III) matter?

Because it connects several chemistry ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Sodium dicarbollylcobaltate(III)?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Sodium dicarbollylcobaltate(III).