chemistry

Sonja Krause

Sonja Krause is a chemistry topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Sonja Krause rather than just read about it. In short: Sonja Krause Goodwin (1933–2021) was a Swiss-American physical chemist specializing in the thermodynamics and effects of electric fields on polymer solutions, and also interested in climate history. Education and career Krause was born in 1933 in St.

Key takeaways

Sonja Krause belongs to chemistry; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Sonja Krause to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Sonja Krause from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Sonja Krause Goodwin (1933–2021) was a Swiss-American physical chemist specializing in the thermodynamics and effects of electric fields on polymer solutions, and also interested in climate history.

Education and career Krause was born in 1933 in St. Gallen, Switzerland. When she was a child, she left Europe with her parents to escape Nazi Germany, emigrating to New York City, where her parents sold German-language books. She went to the Bronx High School of Science, as one of the first women to attend that school, and graduated from the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1954. She completed a Ph.D. in 1958 at the University of California, Berkeley, with the dissertation Electric Birefringence Studies of Some Macromolecular Solutions Using Microsecond Transients. After working in industry at the Rohm & Haas Company, she spent several years in the mid-1960s in the Peace Corps heading the physics department at the University of Lagos in Nigeria, and later in Ethiopia. She returned to Rensselaer as a faculty member in physical chemistry in 1967, and was named full professor in 1978. She retired in 2004.

Books Krause was a coauthor of the textbook Chemistry of the Environment (1978; 2nd ed., 2002, Harcourt/Academic Press, with R. A. Bailey, H. M. Clark, J. P. Ferris, and R. L. Strong). She also published her experiences in the Peace Corps as the two-book series My Years in the Early Peace Corps: Nigeria, 1964–1965 and My Years in the Early Peace Corps: Ethiopia, 1965–1966 (Hamilton Books, 2021).

Recognition Krause was named a Fellow of the American Physical Society (APS), after a nomination from the APS Division of Polymer Physics, in 1976. She was also a Fellow of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.

References

External links Home page Archived 2021-08-26 at the Wayback Machine

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Sonja Krause

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Sonja Krause claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In chemistry, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Sonja Krause before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Sonja Krause ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Sonja Krause

In research: Sonja Krause appears in chemistry research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Sonja Krause in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Sonja Krause is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1933 births, 2021 deaths, 21st-century American women, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Sonja Krause outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Sonja Krause in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Sonja Krause means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Sonja Krause out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Sonja Krause in simple terms?

Why does Sonja Krause matter?

Because it connects several chemistry ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Sonja Krause?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Sonja Krause.