science

Soviet Union–United States radio chess match of 1945

Soviet Union–United States radio chess match of 1945 is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Soviet Union–United States radio chess match of 1945 rather than just read about it. In short: The Soviet Union–United States radio chess match of 1945 was a chess match between the United States and the USSR that was conducted over the radio from September 1 to September 4, 1945. The ten leading masters of the United States played the ten leading masters of the Soviet Union (except for Paul Keres) for chess supremacy.

Key takeaways

Soviet Union–United States radio chess match of 1945 belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
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Reference excerpt

The Soviet Union–United States radio chess match of 1945 was a chess match between the United States and the USSR that was conducted over the radio from September 1 to September 4, 1945. The ten leading masters of the United States played the ten leading masters of the Soviet Union (except for Paul Keres) for chess supremacy. The match was played by radio and was a two-game head-to-head match between the teams. The time control was 40 moves in 2+1⁄2 hours and 16 moves per hour after that. Moves were transmitted using the Uedemann Code. It took an average of 5 minutes to transmit a move. The US team played at the Henry Hudson Hotel in New York. The Soviet team met at the Central Club of Art Masters in Moscow. The USSR team won the match 15+1⁄2–4+1⁄2. This result was met with astonishment around the chess world, since the US had won four straight Chess Olympiads from 1931 to 1937; however, the Soviet Union had not competed in those tournaments. The Soviet program for producing a new generation of chess masters, originated and supervised by Nikolai Krylenko from the early 1930s, clearly was paying dividends. From 1945 onwards, Soviet players would dominate international chess for most of the rest of the 20th century. The radio match proved a watershed and a changing of the guard in the chess world. Other radio matches took place around this time.

The matchups The matchup and results are in this table. Scores are from a Soviet point of view: "1" for a Soviet win, "0" for an American win and "½" for a drawn game.

Nine of ten Americans and six of ten Soviets were Jewish. The match featured most of the leading players in the world: including the first, second and equal third placegetters at the 1948 World Championship (Botvinnik, Smyslov, Reshevsky); Fine, who declined his invitation to the 1948 Championship; and the top two placegetters in the 1950 Candidates tournament (Bronstein and Boleslavsky).

Reserve players The following players were reservists in the U.S. team, to be called on, in the order given, if any of the primary team are unable to compete: Alexander Kevitz, Robert Willman, Jacob Levin, George Shainswit, Weaver W. Adams, Edward Lasker, Fred Reinfeld, Edward S. Jackson, Jr., Samuel Factor, and Martin C. Stark. The Soviet reserves were: Alexander Konstantinopolsky, Vitaly Chekhover, Iosif Rudakovsky, and Peter Romanovsky.

Other radio matches Moscow vs. Leningrad, March 1941 USSR vs. England, 18-6, 1946 Australia vs. France, 5+1⁄2-4½, 1946 Spain vs. Argentina, 8-7, 1946 (Hooper & Whyld 1992:330). The USSR also won these matches:

USSR vs. United Kingdom, 1947 USSR vs. United Kingdom, 1954 USSR vs. United States, 1954 USSR vs. United States, 1955 (Brace 1977:233).

See also 1945 in chess Anglo-American cable chess matches

Notes

References Brace, Edward (1977), "radio chess", An Illustrated Dictionary of Chess, Craftwell, ISBN 978-1-55521-394-7 Hooper, David; Whyld, Kenneth (1992), "radio match", The Oxford Companion to Chess (2nd ed.), Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-280049-7

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Soviet Union–United States radio chess match of 1945

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Soviet Union–United States radio chess match of 1945 claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Soviet Union–United States radio chess match of 1945 before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Soviet Union–United States radio chess match of 1945 ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Soviet Union–United States radio chess match of 1945

In research: Soviet Union–United States radio chess match of 1945 appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Soviet Union–United States radio chess match of 1945 in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Soviet Union–United States radio chess match of 1945 is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1945 in American sports, 1945 in Soviet sport, 1945 in chess, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Soviet Union–United States radio chess match of 1945 outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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Frequently asked questions

What is Soviet Union–United States radio chess match of 1945 in simple terms?

Why does Soviet Union–United States radio chess match of 1945 matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Soviet Union–United States radio chess match of 1945?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

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It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Soviet Union–United States radio chess match of 1945.