science

SpaceX CRS-22

SpaceX CRS-22 is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand SpaceX CRS-22 rather than just read about it. In short: SpaceX CRS-22, also known as SpX-22, was a Commercial Resupply Services (CRS) mission to the International Space Station (ISS) that launched at 17:29:15 UTC on 3 June 2021. The mission is contracted by NASA and is flown by SpaceX using a Cargo Dragon 2.

Key takeaways

SpaceX CRS-22 belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect SpaceX CRS-22 to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of SpaceX CRS-22 from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

SpaceX CRS-22, also known as SpX-22, was a Commercial Resupply Services (CRS) mission to the International Space Station (ISS) that launched at 17:29:15 UTC on 3 June 2021. The mission is contracted by NASA and is flown by SpaceX using a Cargo Dragon 2. This is the second flight for SpaceX under NASA's CRS Phase 2 contract awarded in January 2016.

Cargo Dragon

SpaceX plans to reuse the Cargo Dragons up to five times. Since it does not support a crew, the Cargo Dragon launches without SuperDraco abort engines, seats, cockpit controls or the life support system required to sustain astronauts in space. Dragon 2 improves on Dragon 1 in several ways, including lessened refurbishment time, leading to shorter periods between flights. The new Cargo Dragon capsules under the NASA CRS Phase 2 contract splash down under parachutes in the Gulf of Mexico rather than the previous recovery zone in the Pacific Ocean west of Baja California under the NASA CRS Phase 1 contract.

Mission

Timeline T+00:00: Liftoff T+01:15: Maximum aerodynamic pressure T+02:30: First stage main engine cutoff (MECO) T+02:34: Stage separation T+02:41: Second stage engine start T+02:48: First stage Boostback Burn T+05:58: First stage entry burn begins T+07:22: First stage landing burn T+07:52: First stage landing on drone ship T+08:46: Second stage engine cutoff (SECO) T+11:58: Dragon separation T+12:35: Dragon nose cone open sequence begins

Payload

NASA contracted for the CRS-22 mission from SpaceX and therefore determines the primary payload, date of launch, and orbital parameters for the Cargo Dragon. The total mission payload is 3,328 kg (7,337 lb).

Science investigations: 920 kg (2,030 lb) Vehicle hardware: 345 kg (761 lb) Crew supplies: 341 kg (752 lb) Spacewalk equipment: 52 kg (115 lb) Computer resources: 58 kg (128 lb) External payloads: 1,380 kg (3,040 lb)

ISS Roll Out Solar Arrays (iROSA)

First pair of new roll-out solar arrays, namely, 2B and 4B, using XTJ Prime space solar cells, based on a design tested at ISS in 2017. They will be delivered to the station in the unpressurized trunk of the SpaceX Cargo Dragon CRS-22 spacecraft. A second pair was delivered to the ISS on CRS-26 in late 2022, followed by another pair on CRS-28 due to be delivered in June 2023. The installation of these new solar arrays requires two spacewalks: one to prepare the worksite with a modification kit, on 16 June 2021, and another to install the new panel, on 20 June 2021. Additional hardware carried internally includes:

Catalytic Reactor: legacy unit launching to provide critical sparing support for the water production capability for the environmental control and life support system (ECLSS) Commercial Crew Vehicle Emergency Breathing Air Assembly (CEBAA) Regulator Manifold Assembly (RMA): completing the first set of emergency air supply capability, this integrated system supports as many as five crew members for up to 1 hour during an ISS emergency ammonia leak Zarya Kurs Electronics Unit: critical hardware for cosmonaut remote-control docking of Russian spacecraft is launching to support planned maintenance activity during 2021 Potable Water Dispenser (PWD) Filter: major filter assembly used to remove iodine from water consumed by the crew during nominal operations Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) Air Tanks: critical disposable air tanks to support gas resupply for routine cabin repress activities in-orbit Iceberg: critical cold stowage capability to support expanded payload operations

Research The new experiments arriving at the orbiting laboratory on the SpaceX CRS-22 mission support science from human health to high-powered computing, and utilize the space station as a proving ground for new technologies. Among the investigations arriving inside the Dragon's pressurized capsule will be a variety of research experiments and studies, including:

Develop better pharmaceuticals and therapies for treating kidney disease on Earth Using cotton root systems to identify varieties of plants that require less water and pesticides Test new portable ultrasound technology in microgravity (Butterfly IQ Ultrasound) Two model organism investigations:

One study will look at bobtail squid Euprymna scolopes as a model to examine the effects of spaceflight on interactions between beneficial microbes and their animal hosts. Second study will examine tardigrades' adaptation to the harsh environment of space, which could contribute to long-term problem solving for vaccine production, distribution, and storage on Earth NASA Glenn Research Center studies:

Combustion Integration Rack (CIR) Reconfiguration Student Spaceflight Experiments Program The Student Spaceflight Experiments Program (SSEP) has five experiments manifested:

Mission 14B – 3 experiments Mission 15A – 2 experiments ISS United States National Laboratory The ISS U.S. National Laboratory is sponsoring more than a dozen payloads with education and commercial partners. These include:

Colgate-Palmolive – oral biofilms investigation Eli Lilly – investigation to examine the effects of gravity on the physical state and properties of freeze-dried pharmaceutical products

CubeSats ELaNa 36: One CubeSat is scheduled for deployment on this mission:

RamSat – Oak Ridge Public Schools (Robertsville Middle School), Oak Ridge, Tennessee Nanoracks CubeSat deployments:

SOAR – University of Manchester, United Kingdom and the DISCOVERER consortium with EU/EC Horizon 2020 funding. UNOOSA / JAXA KiboCUBE program:

MIR-SAT1 – Mauritius Research and Innovation Council (MRIC) G-SATELLITE 2 – OneTeam, Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games (TOCOG)

Returning hardware

Beginning with returning capsules or lifting bodies under the CRS-2 contract, NASA reports major hardware (failed or expended hardware for diagnostic assessment, refurbishment, repair, or no longer needed) returning from the International Space Station. The SpaceX CRS-22 mission ends on 10 July 2021, this is a two-day delay from the original undocking target of 6 July 2021 as a result of Tropical Storm/Hurricane Elsa causing weather concerns at the splashdown zones, with re-entry into atmosphere of Earth and splash down in the Gulf of Mexico near the western coast of Florida with 2,404 kg (5,300 lb) of return cargo.

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with SpaceX CRS-22

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what SpaceX CRS-22 claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to SpaceX CRS-22 before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about SpaceX CRS-22 ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of SpaceX CRS-22

In research: SpaceX CRS-22 appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses SpaceX CRS-22 in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: SpaceX CRS-22 is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 2021 in the United States, Cargo Dragon, SpaceX payloads contracted by NASA, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for SpaceX CRS-22 outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study SpaceX CRS-22 in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what SpaceX CRS-22 means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain SpaceX CRS-22 out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is SpaceX CRS-22 in simple terms?

Why does SpaceX CRS-22 matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study SpaceX CRS-22?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on SpaceX CRS-22.