science

Space Based Surveillance project (India)

Space Based Surveillance project (India) is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Space Based Surveillance project (India) rather than just read about it. In short: The Space Based Surveillance project is a series of programmes undertaken by the Government of India to launch a constellation of satellites for earth observation roles. The satellites are primarily meant to serve the Indian Armed Forces through the Defence Space Agency.

Key takeaways

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Reference excerpt

The Space Based Surveillance project is a series of programmes undertaken by the Government of India to launch a constellation of satellites for earth observation roles. The satellites are primarily meant to serve the Indian Armed Forces through the Defence Space Agency. India plans to deploye about 150 satellites for military roles.

SBS Phase-I

The Phase-I project was approved by the PM Atal Bihari Vajpeyee in 2001. The ISRO satellites Cartosat-2A, Cartosat-2B, RISAT-1 and RISAT-2 — were funded launched from India.

SBS Phase-II

The Phase-II project was approved by the government on 2013 as a part of which 6 satellites — Cartosat-2C, Cartosat-2D, Cartosat-3A, Cartosat-3B, Microsat-TD, Microsat-R and RISAT-2A — were approved for development and launch. Microsat-R was the target satellite for India's ASAT Test in 2019 — Mission Shakti.

SBS Phase-III On 12 October 2024, India's Cabinet Committee on Security approved a proposal for the development, construction and launch of a constellation of 52 spy satellites as a part of the Space Based Surveillance Phase-III project. The project is worth ₹26,968 crore (US$2.8 billion) and meant to strengthen the nation’s surveillance capabilities across both terrestrial and maritime domains. This will be supervised by the National Security Council Secretariat along with the Defence Space Agency, under the Integrated Defence Staff. The constellation will also enhance the SATCOM capabilities of long range UAV fleet of the Armed Forces including the MQ-9B Predator drones then expected to enter service in 2028. All the satellites is to be launched within 5 years at Geosynchronous Equatorial Orbit and Low Earth Orbit. The satellites will be equipped with artificial intelligence for inter-satellite communications. As part of the project, 21 satellites will be co-developed by ISRO and France (under an LOI agreement for “defence space cooperation”) while the rest of 31 satellites are to be developed by three private sector companies. The role of these satellites would be surveillance, reconnaissance, communication and other strategic purposes. The CCS has also, reportedly, approved two agencies to develop multiple types of defensive and offensive capabilities from space. Under the same project, few experiments would be conducted for an integrated LEO and MEO satellite-based communication system which is a requirement for the Indian Air Force and the Indian Navy. The first batch of satellites will be launched in 2027–28. Following the 2025 India–Pakistan conflict, the project was expedited, according to reports dated 30 June 2025. The first batch of satellites is now anticipated to launch in April 2026, with the full fleet of satellites to be deployed by the end of 2029. While private companies have been instructed to increase the pace of satellite production, additional efforts are apparently being made "to launch the satellites faster" into space. India intends to shrink its OODA loop as well. In order to scan and monitor hostile aircraft, drones, or missiles, as well as to cue weapon systems for interception, SBS Phase-III will be connected to air defense assets and radars under Mission Sudarshan Chakra. In order to scan and monitor hostile aircraft, drones, or missiles, as well as to cue weapon systems for interception, SBS Phase-III will be connected to air defense assets and radars under Mission Sudarshan Chakra. As part of the plan, the project will add night-image capability and will also establish overseas ground stations with local government approval. The night vision capacity will be added by deploying satellites equipped with synthetic-aperture radar. Development of bodyguard satellites is also being undertaken to deter any threat to the surveillance satellites. Technology for inter-satellite data transfer is also being developed.Private players have also been invited to build Technology demonstrators. Further, the first batch of satellite might be launched by April 2026.

See also TSAT-1A Mission Shakti Defence Space Agency Defence Support Program Satellite-Protection Project

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Space Based Surveillance project (India)

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Space Based Surveillance project (India) claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Space Based Surveillance project (India) before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Space Based Surveillance project (India) ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Space Based Surveillance project (India)

In research: Space Based Surveillance project (India) appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Space Based Surveillance project (India) in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Space Based Surveillance project (India) is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Military of India, Satellites, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Space Based Surveillance project (India) outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Space Based Surveillance project (India) in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Space Based Surveillance project (India) means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
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Frequently asked questions

What is Space Based Surveillance project (India) in simple terms?

Why does Space Based Surveillance project (India) matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Space Based Surveillance project (India)?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Space Based Surveillance project (India).