biology

Space Capsule Recovery Experiment II

Space Capsule Recovery Experiment II is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Space Capsule Recovery Experiment II rather than just read about it. In short: The Space Capsule Recovery Experiment II (commonly known as SRE-2) was an Indian re-entry demonstration experiment designed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It was a follow-on mission of SRE-1 which was successfully completed in January 2007.

Key takeaways

Space Capsule Recovery Experiment II belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Space Capsule Recovery Experiment II to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Space Capsule Recovery Experiment II from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

The Space Capsule Recovery Experiment II (commonly known as SRE-2) was an Indian re-entry demonstration experiment designed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It was a follow-on mission of SRE-1 which was successfully completed in January 2007. It was supposed to test some of the critical technologies for the Indian human spaceflight programme. The second mission was to carry three experiments devoted to biological science and an improved isothermal furnace with 1000 °C temperature to carry out materials science experiments. As of August 2016, SRE-2 is not mentioned in the ISRO official page. Comptroller and Auditor General of India released a report titled "Inordinate delay in realisation of SRE-2 mission" in 2014. Outcome Budget 2016-17 of Department of Space mentions that development of space grade color camera and image storage unit for SRE-2 would be undertaken during year 2016–17. On 4 January 2018, SRE-2 project was declared to be cancelled.

Objectives The main objective of SRE-2 was to realise a fully recoverable capsule and provide a platform to conduct microgravity experiments on Microbiology, Agriculture, Powder Metallurgy etc.

Design SRE-2 capsule would have four major pieces of hardware:

Aero Thermo Structure (ATS) Spacecraft platform Deceleration and flotation system Microgravity payloads New systems developed for SRE-2 included Carbon-Carbon Nosecone, Indigenous Beacons, etc.

Payloads The SRE-2 was to carry three experiments devoted to biological science and an improved isothermal furnace with 1000 °C temperature to carry out materials science experiments.

The first experiment “Biological effects of Microgravity: A genomic and proteomics approach” is being developed in collaboration with CCMB, Hyderabad and a biorack is being developed to enable this experiment. In this experiment, a colony of E. coli bacteria will be grown in microgravity condition and brought back to earth to carry out genomic and proteomic studies. Comparison of these with that obtained during bench mark ground experiments will enable us to identify the genes whose expression is affected by the microgravity. This experiment is designed to explore why microgravity alters some of the growth behaviour of the biological system. A second experiment will carry a joint biological payload between JAXA, and Indian Scientists at ISRO and CCMB. The payload is being developed by JAXA with close interaction with ISRO engineers. The experiment will carry cynobacteria which will be cultured under microgravity condition. The aim is to study the effect of microgravity on the photosynthetic ability of these bacteria. The third experiment will carry seeds of rice and medicinal plants that will be exposed both to microgravity and space radiation. A dosimeter will measure the amount of radiation. The exposed seeds will be planted on return and the growth of these plants will be compared with the plants of the unexposed seeds to evaluate the effect of microgravity and space radiation. The materials science experiments will be carried out in the modified isothermal furnace. The main experiment by scientists at IIT Kanpur, is designed to study the effect of gravity on the liquid phase sintering behaviour of the powders. A model copper tin alloy will be studied to explore the basic nature of the sintering process which has important implication in powder metallurgy.

See also SRE-1 Indian human spaceflight programme Atmospheric Reentry Demonstrator (ARD was a suborbital reentry test vehicle built by Aérospatiale of France for the European Space Agency and flown on the third Ariane 5 flight on October 21, 1998)

References

Sources The SRE-2 Mission Indian human space capsule

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Space Capsule Recovery Experiment II

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Space Capsule Recovery Experiment II claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Space Capsule Recovery Experiment II before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Space Capsule Recovery Experiment II ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Space Capsule Recovery Experiment II

In research: Space Capsule Recovery Experiment II appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Space Capsule Recovery Experiment II in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Space Capsule Recovery Experiment II is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Cancelled space missions, Projects disestablished in 2018, Satellites of India, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Space Capsule Recovery Experiment II outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Space Capsule Recovery Experiment II in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Space Capsule Recovery Experiment II means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Space Capsule Recovery Experiment II out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Space Capsule Recovery Experiment II in simple terms?

Why does Space Capsule Recovery Experiment II matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Space Capsule Recovery Experiment II?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Space Capsule Recovery Experiment II.