science

National Space Activities Commission

National Space Activities Commission is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand National Space Activities Commission rather than just read about it. In short: The National Space Activities Commission (Spanish: Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales, CONAE) is the civilian agency of the government of Argentina in charge of the national space programme. History Sociedad Argentina Interplanetaria During the 1940s, Teófilo Tabanera organized a group of foreign and Argentine specialists as the Sociedad Argentina Interplanetaria, SAI (Argentine Interplanetary Society).

Key takeaways

National Space Activities Commission belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
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Connect National Space Activities Commission to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of National Space Activities Commission from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

History

Sociedad Argentina Interplanetaria During the 1940s, Teófilo Tabanera organized a group of foreign and Argentine specialists as the Sociedad Argentina Interplanetaria, SAI (Argentine Interplanetary Society). Tabanera's efforts ensured that Argentina was the first Latin American nation to create a spaceflight organisation and in 1952 was one of the founding members of the International Astronautical Federation. Argentine Aldo Cocca was a pioneer in space law and helped originate the idea of space being the common heritage of humankind, later enshrined in United Nations treaties of the 1960s.

Comisión Nacional de Investigaciones Espaciales

In 1960, Tabanera was named head of the newly created Comisión Nacional de Investigaciones Espaciales "CNIE" (National Commission for Space Research), a forerunner agency founded in 1960. CNIE worked with the Argentine Air Force's Instituto de Investigaciones Aeronáuticas y Espaciales (IIAE) to develop a number of indigenous multistage high-altitude sounding rockets and missiles (Alfa Centauro and Beta Centauro in 1961, Gamma Centauro in 1962, Proson-M1 in 1963, Orión-1 in 1965, Orión-2 and Canopus I in 1966, Rigel, Canopus II and Castor in 1969 and Tauro in 1977). Argentina was the first country in Latin America to send an object into space using an indigenously developed rocket. In October 1968, a committee of French studies (from the CNES) visited the airport to conduct a survey and trace maps and planes, planning to carrying out a bi-national project called EOLO that involved launching from three bases in Argentina (Mendoza, Neuquén, and Tierra del Fuego), small super pressure balloons which would be interrogated by a satellite during its flight. Once checked the appropriate soil conditions, in April of the following year, the Command-in-Chief of the Argentine Air Force formally requested to the Mendoza provincial State a grant the loan of a portion of land located in the north side of the airport, to establish the station. As requested, the province gave the land required as free loan extended for five years. After that time, the remaining facilities would be taken by the local government. The program, from the CNIE's side, was initially managed from the Argentine Air Force Condor Headquarters in Buenos Aires by EE Ingeniero Enrique Setaro. Upon the starting of the operational phase of the program the CNIE replaced him with an Air Force officer. During the 1970s, Argentina regularly launched the American two-stage solid-propellant Castor rocket up to 500 kilometers altitude. This rocket carried international experiments for several countries. In the 1970s the CNIE signed an agreement with the French Centre National d'Études Spatiales (CNES) (English: National Centre for Space Studies) to create and implement the EOLO Program. It would involve the launch of 500 stratospheric air balloons into the Earth's stratosphere to study the dynamics of air displacement. The stratosphere is the second major layer of Earth's atmosphere, just above the troposphere, and below the mesosphere. The stratosphere is stratified (layered) in temperature, with warmer layers higher and cooler layers closer to the Earth; this increase of temperature with altitude is a result of the absorption of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation (shortened UV) by the ozone layer.

Condor Program In the 1980s, Argentina took part in a multinational effort to develop the Condor missile. Under United States pressure, the Condor program was cancelled in 1991. The associated development and production facilities at Falda del Carmen were closed down, the Fabrica Militar de Aviones, which concentrated on development of surveillance satellites for Earth resource and environmental monitoring.

Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales The present commission (CONAE) was created on 28 May 1991, during the government of Carlos Menem, after the cancellation of the military Condor missile program in an attempt to move all the commission efforts to civilian purposes. It received the Air Force aerospace facilities in Córdoba and Buenos Aires of the former CNIE, as well as some of the civil personnel involved in the cancelled project. Since the 1990s the new commission signed agreements with NASA and European agencies and has developed a number of Earth Observation satellites, including SAC-A, the failed mission SAC-B, and the SAC-C launched in 2000 and still operating. The administration of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner renationalizes Fabrica Militar de Aviones in 2009 and the Falda del Carmen facility has been reactivated to support the development of the new Tronador II rocket. Defense missile and rocket development has been restarted under the umbrella of CITEFA.

Teófilo Tabanera Space Center

The Teófilo Tabanera Space Center, or CETT (Centro Espacial Teófilo Tabanera), is located 30 km southwest from Córdoba, in a region called Falda del Carmen and houses the following installations:

Cordoba Ground Station Responsible for the tracking, command and control (TT&C) of the Argentine satellites, and for the ingestion, cataloging and archiving of satellite data products. CONAE's Córdoba Ground Station (ETC) has been in operation since 1997. It has capacity for data reception and TT&C. Currently, it receives data from 12 international satellites, besides the data from Argentine missions. The National Space Program foresees the setting up of a second ground station in Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego Province, at the southern tip of Argentina, to enable the collection of data on the Antarctic continent.

Mission Operation Center Responsible for planning, commands elaboration and monitoring the Argentine satellites. Today the SAC-C Mission Operation Center is fully operative and SAC-D mission operation centre is being implemented in order to control the SAC-D/Aquarius satellites launched on 10 June 2011.

Testing and Integration Facilities

Testing and Integration Facilities are specialized spaces where different components of space missions, such as satellites, spacecraft, and instruments, are tested, assembled, and integrated. These facilities play an important role in ensuring that the equipment and technology intended for space missions function properly and reliably.

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Illustrations

Logo Comisión Nacional de Investigaciones Espaciales CNIE

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with National Space Activities Commission

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what National Space Activities Commission claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to National Space Activities Commission before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about National Space Activities Commission ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of National Space Activities Commission

In research: National Space Activities Commission appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses National Space Activities Commission in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: National Space Activities Commission is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1960 establishments in Argentina, 1991 establishments in Argentina, Government agencies established in 1960, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for National Space Activities Commission outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study National Space Activities Commission in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what National Space Activities Commission means in your own words.
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Frequently asked questions

What is National Space Activities Commission in simple terms?

The National Space Activities Commission (Spanish: Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales, CONAE) is the civilian agency of the government of Argentina in charge of the national space programme. History Sociedad Argentina Interplanetaria During the 1940s, Teófilo Tabanera organized a group of…

Why does National Space Activities Commission matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study National Space Activities Commission?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on National Space Activities Commission.